Showing posts with label Master's degree. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Master's degree. Show all posts

Master of Urban Planning

University-Collage program Urban Planning
Master of Urban Planning (MUP) is a one- to two-year academic/professional Master's degree that qualifies graduates to work as urban planners. Some schools offer the degree as a Master of City Planning (MCP), Master of Regional Planning (MRP), Master of Town Planning (MTP), Master of Planning (MPlan), Master of Urban and Environmental Planning (MUEP) or in some combination of the aforementioned (e.g., Master of Urban and Regional Planning), depending on the program's specific focus. Yet other schools offer a Master of Arts or Master of Science in planning. Regardless of the name, the degree remains generally the same.
Since planning programs are usually small, they tend not to be housed in distinct "planning schools" but rather, as part of an architecture school, a geography department, or a public policy school, since these are cognate fields. Generally speaking, planning programs in architecture schools focus primarily on physical planning and design, while those in policy schools tend to focus on policy and administration. There is some debate in academic circles as to whether or not the housing of planning programs in architecture schools is outdated, as planning is such a diverse discipline that involves more than just urban design and physical planning.
As urban planning is such a broad and interdisciplinary field, a typical planning degree program emphasizes breadth over depth, with core coursework that provides background for all areas of planning. Core courses typically include coursework in history/theory of urban planning, urban design, statistics, land use/planning law, urban economics, and planning practice. Many planning degree programs also allow a student to "concentrate" in a specific area of interest within planning, such as land use, environmental planning, housing, community development, economic development, historic preservation, international development, urban design, transportation planning, or geographic information systems (GIS).
A thesis, final project or capstone project is usually required to graduate. Additionally, an internship component is almost always mandatory due to the high value placed on work experience by prospective employers in the field.
Like most professional Master's degree programs, the MUP is a terminal degree. However, some graduates choose to continue on to doctoral studies in urban planning or cognate fields. A doctorate degree in urban planning does not qualify one for certification as an urban planner in most jurisdictions.

Master of Public Policy

University-Collage study program Public Policy
Master of Public Policy (M.P.P.), one of several public policy degrees, is a master's level professional degree that provides training in policy analysis and program evaluation at public policy schools. Over time, the curriculum of Master of Public Policy and the Master of Public Administration (M.P.A.) degrees have blended and converged, due to the realization that policy analysis and program evaluation could benefit from an understanding of public administration, and vice versa. The MPP degree is the modern name for the Master of Public Affairs degree, although a number of public policy schools continue to use the Master of Public Affairs name. Today, the core course offerings of many M.P.A. and M.P.P. programs are similar, with M.P.A. programs providing training in policy analysis, and M.P.P. programs providing coursework in program implementation. However, MPP programs still place more emphasis in policy analysis, research and evaluation, while MPA programs place more emphasis on operationalization of public policies and the design of effective programs and projects to achieve public policy goals. Some universities have begun offering a combined M.P.P.A. degree, Master of Public Policy and Administration.
Over the years MPP programs have become more interdisciplinary drawing from economics, sociology, anthropology, politics, and regional planning. In general a core curriculum of an MPP program includes courses on Microeconomics, Public Finance, Research Methods, Statistics and Advanced Data Analysis, Qualitative Research, Politics of Policy Process, Policy Analysis, Ethics, Public Management, Urban Policy & GIS, Program Evaluation, and more. All these courses are designed to equip MPP graduates with skills and knowledge in advanced economic analysis, political analysis, ethical analysis, data analysis, management and leadership. Depending on the interest, MPP students can concentrate in many policy areas including but not limited to urban policy, global policy, social policy, health policy, non-profit management, transportation, economic development, education, information technology, etc.
In recent years, there has been a gradual convergence between the MPP and the Master's in Public Administration(MPA). Today, the course offerings of most MPA and MPP programs overlap to some degree, but MPP programs tend to provide more focused training in policy analysis and policy design, while MPA programs usually still provide more focused coursework in program implementation and public management.

Master of Public Administration

University-Collage study program Public Administration
Master of Public Administration (M.P.A./MPA) degree is one of several Master's level professional public affairs degrees that provides training in public policy and project and program implementation (more recently known as public management).
MPA programs focus on public administration at the local, state/provincial, national/federal and supranational levels, as well as in the nonprofit sector. Through its history, the MPA degree has become more interdisciplinary by drawing from fields such as economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, and regional planning in order to equip MPA graduates with skills and knowledge covering a broad range of topics and disciplines relevant to the public sector.
A core curriculum of a typical MPA program usually includes courses on microeconomics, public finance, research methods/statistics, policy process and policy analysis, ethics, public management, leadership, planning & GIS, and program evaluation/performance measurement. Depending on their interest, MPA students can focus their studies on a variety of public sector fields such as urban planning, transportation, health care (especially public health), economic development, urban management, community development, education, non-profits, information technology, environmental policy, etc.
Some Master of Public Administration programs are designed to "provide a high-quality education designed to provide the analytical, management, and policy-making skills needed to succeed in the field of public management," according to CSUF's description. In addition, the MPA can help "to prepare students in one of many specialized fields, such as public finance, human resource management, urban management, and criminal justice."

Master of Philosophy

University-Collage study
Master of Philosophy, In the usage of United States, Australia, New Zealand, India, United Kingdom, Hong Kong and some other countries, the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) is a research degree, requiring the completion of a thesis. It is a lesser degree than the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or Engineering Doctorate (EngD), greater than (or sometimes equal to) the Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil,) and in some instances may be awarded as a substitute for a PhD thesis which is a marginal fail. It may also serve as a provisional enrollment for the Ph.D. It is generally thesis only, and is regarded as a senior or second masters degree. An M.Phil. is generally considered equivalent to the French diplôme d'études approfondies (or DEA), to the Spanish Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (also DEA), or First Doctoral Degree.
Master of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, the M.Phil. is a two-year master's degree, while the M.St. is a one-year master's degree. The M.Phil. is considered more difficult and prestigious, as it requires both a lengthy thesis as well as more examinations. Traditionally, the M.Phil. qualified a person to teach at Oxford; some professors, most notably the world-renowned philosopher Richard Swinburne, have held major professorships without ever finishing a doctorate degree. But today, the PhD or EngD is seen as the expected academic terminal degree.
At University of Cambridge offers the M.Phil. as a one or two-year taught or research degree. This is to distinguish it from the Oxford/Cambridge/Trinity Dublin MA degree to which BA graduates usually proceed after a certain period of time and is not awarded as a result of further study (since the seventeenth century). The ancient Scottish Universities, who have the power to award MAs for four-year undergraduate degrees in the arts, differ in their use of M.Phil. or M.Litt. for postgraduate research degrees, but are slowly standardising to the M.Phil. as a research Masters and the M.Litt. as a taught Masters.
Master of Philosophy In the UK, the M.Phil. is increasingly becoming used as it is in the United States - a degree offered but rarely taken, by Ph.D./D.Phil. candidates who have yet to complete their dissertation. Officially, however, many students in the UK do not initially study for a PhD/D.Phil: they study for an M.Phil, and the decision to continue from M.Phil. to D.Phil./Ph.D. is taken at the end of year 2 by the student and supervisors. Even when the student and supervisor agree that a student should study for a PhD after the Bachelors, some supervisors recommend that the student submits an MPhil thesis at the end of his first year of study, in order to gain experience in writing a larger thesis. Some people sometimes read for the M.Phil. instead of the Ph.D., though some may mistake it for a failed Ph.D. rather than recognise it as a passed degree.
Master of Philosophy In the Netherlands the M.Phil. is a special research degree and only awarded by selected departments of a university (mostly in the fields of Arts, Social Sciences, Archeology, Philosophy and Theology). Admission to these programmes is highly selective and primarily aimed at those students opting for an academic career. After finishing these programs, students normally enroll for a PhD program.
Master of Philosophy in some American universities award the M.Phil: at those universities, the degree is awarded to Ph.D. candidates when they complete their required coursework but before they defend their doctoral dissertations. This status is also called A.B.D., or All But Dissertation (or All But Done). Many Ph.D. candidates at these universities view the M.Phil. as a formality and elect not to receive it in order to avoid the paperwork and costs involved. However some programs do not offer an en route M.A. or M.S., so the M.Phil. is the first opportunity to receive a degree between the Bachelor's and Ph.D.

Master of Pharmacy

University-Collage study program/schools of Pharmacy
Master of Pharmacy (abbreviated MPharm or MPharm(Hons)) is an undergraduate academic degree in the field of pharmacy. In many countries, it has superseded a Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) as the prerequisite for registration to practise as a pharmacist. It may also refer to a postgraduate coursework or research degree in the field of pharmacy.
In Australia, prior to 2004, MPharm was a postgraduate research degree. In 2004, the University of Newcastle introduced a two-year postgraduate MPharm coursework program, to provide an accelerated route for graduates of undergraduate science or medical science degrees to gain qualification for registration to practise as pharmacists.
In the United Kingdom, MPharm or MPharm(Hons) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded following four years academic study in pharmacy. The degree is awarded by all of the schools of pharmacy in the UK and superseded the BSc (Pharmacy) and BPharm degrees when the length of the undergraduate pharmacy course was increased from three to four years in 1997 as part of EU harmonisation. The initial 3 years of the degree are taught at undergraduate level (failure to complete the 3rd year with satisfactory marks can result in the awarding of a BPharmSci (Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Science) degree) and the final year is taught at postgraduate level in order to attain a Masters degree.

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) is an advanced-level quaternary education degree for Registered Nurses. It is required to become an advanced practice nurse, such as a Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Anesthetist, Nurse Midwife, or a Clinical nurse leader, and is considered an entry-level degree for nurse educators and managers. It may also be a prerequisite for doctorate-level nursing education.
Master of Science in Nursing graduate-level degree may focus in one or more of many different advanced nursing specialties such as acute care, adult, family, geriatrics, neonatal, palliative care, pediatric, psychiatric, women's health, etc.
A Master of Nursing (MN) is a graduate-level program for individuals who have a non-nursing bachelor's degree and would like to become a nurse. The program prepares the student at a higher level than a traditional BSN program to enter the profession of nursing. The MN degree program is not a program that prepares the nurse for advanced practice positions, such as a clinical nurse specialist, or a nurse practitioner; it is not a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree. The program offers the shortest path for college graduates who want to be nurses. The courses emphasize research, evidence-based practice, clinical reasoning, and theoretical perspectives in nursing and are taught at a higher level than traditional BSN courses. It opens up additional financial aid options. Rather than another bachelor's degree, the MN reflects the advanced course work in the field of nursing.

Master of Music

University College Programs
Master of Music (M.M. ,M.Mus.) is the first graduate degree in Music. The M.Mus. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually music performance, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history, music theory, or music pedagogy. The M.Mus degree, which takes one or two years of full-time study to complete, prepares students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers. The M.Mus. is often required as the minimum teaching credential for university, college, and conservatory instrumental or vocal teaching positions.
The M.Mus.is widely available in performance (sometimes with a specialization in pedagogy and/or literature), composition, and conducting. In 2005, Boston University launched an online Master of Music program in music education, the only online program at this level. M.Mus. degrees are sometimes awarded in music education (as a Master of Music Education). The Master's degree in music theory, musicology, and ethnomusicology is typically the Master of Arts.
M.Mus. students typically complete applied studies, such as lessons or mentoring with a professor, and take courses within their area of specialization. In many M.Mus. programs, all of the different M.Mus. streams (e.g., performance, composition, conducting) take a common core of music theory and music history courses. . Some universities in the UK (e.g. Sheffield University) utilise it as a special research degree.
Some M.Mus. programs require students to pass a comprehensive exam on their area of specialization and on subjects such as music history and music theory. The last stage of the M.Mus. degree is usually the performance of recitals.
Some programs additionally require a sub-specialization in a cognate area within music, such as music history or performance practice, which contributes to their area of specialization. For example, a student doing an M.Mus. in Baroque violin might do a sub-specialization in Baroque music history.
Some institutions permit M.Mus. students to do a sub-specialization in a field outside music that contributes to their professional and academic goals. For example, a student completing a M.Mus. in piano pedagogy may be able to do a sub-specialization in the university's department of psychology.
To be admitted to a M.Mus. degree program, most institutions require a B.Mus. degree or an B.A. degree in music or a related field, usually with a grade average of "B+" or higher. In rare cases, some schools will conditionally admit a gifted student with no Bachelor's degree if they have a highly-respected conservatory diploma (e.g., a virtuoso performer with conservatory diploma from a top European conservatory).
M.Mus. programs in performance usually require an audition that includes advanced pieces from a wide range of styles. Admission to M.Mus. programs in conducting often requires a video recording of a live rehearsals and performances as a pre-screening element. Composition programs usually require the submission of a portfolio of compositions, including scores and recordings of live performances.

Master of Management (MM)

University College Programs
Master of Management (MM) is a Master's degree designed for students interested in entering business management or who are interested in an alternative to a Master of Business Administration degree.
The Master of Management degree typically prepares students to handle the tasks associated with higher-level management positions. It is also appropriate for those in other disciplines who have been working for a company or organization for a number of years. Topics in this degree program include business-related subjects such as ethical decision making, business law, global business values, workplace security, corporate crime, and employee motivation.
Courses/specialties within the program may include:
Management Orientation
Ethical Decision Making
Business Culture
Corporate Crime
Corporate Communications
Entrepreneurship
Business Law
Human Resource Management
Leadership and Motivation
Workplace Security
Marketing
Public Relations
International Business
Strategic Management
The degree may be offered with a number of concentrations such as communication, human resources, marketing management, organizational dynamics and international management

Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS)

University College Programs
Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) is the masters degree that is required for most professional librarian positions. The MLIS is a relatively recent degree; an older and still common degree designation for librarians to acquire is the Master of Library Science (MLS), or Master Science in Library Science (MSLS) degree. The MLIS and MLS degrees are widely considered to be equivalent. In some universities, these degrees are denoted as MLISc or MLSc, as in the case of M.S. for MSc. But in most commonwealth universities, both bachelor's program and master's program has been merged to provide MLIS/MLISc degree. Admission to MLIS programs normally requires holding a bachelor's degree in any academic discipline, and library schools encourage applications from people with diverse academic backgrounds.
In the United Kingdom it is more common for a vocational degree in library and information science to bear the standard designation M.A. or M.Sc.
The MLIS or MLS degree is usually acquired from an accredited library school. The American Library Association accredits programs across the U.S. and Canada.
The MLIS/MLS curriculum can vary widely. Typically, both practical and theoretical components are included, often along with a practicum or internship. Course work may entail traditional library topics, such as reference work, cataloging, school libraries, or archiving. There may also be a focus on information science and computer science topics, such as database and website design, as well as information architecture (thus leading to the "I" in MLIS). Other skills taught may include management or pedagogy

Master of Arts in Liberal Studies

University College Programs
Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MA, ALM, MLA , MALS) is a graduate degree that aims to provide both depth and breadth of study in the liberal arts. It is by nature an interdisciplinary program, generally pulling together coursework from a number of the humanities and social sciences. Similar graduate degrees are known as Master of Liberal Arts (MLA), Master of Liberal Studies (MLS), Artium Liberalium Magister (ALM), and Doctor of Liberal Studies (DLS or PhD). Characteristics that distinguish these degrees include curricular flexibility and interdisciplinary synthesis via Master's thesis or capstone project. Often these programs offer an option of part-time enrollment to accommodate the life responsibilities of adult students. Like other Master's degree programs, students generally enroll in a master's in liberal studies only after receiving a bachelor's degrees. As of 2005, there are over 130 colleges and universities offering liberal arts master's programs. Admissions criteria vary by institution.
Postgraduate liberal studies originated at Wesleyan University in 1953. Administrators sought to 'break graduate education free' from what they perceived as 'the bonds of overspecialization' then prevalent at colleges and universities throughout the United States and Europe. Initially aimed at professors and teachers, postgraduate liberal studies quickly gained popularity and became a cause célèbre during the progressive education movements of the 1960s. Then as now, Liberal Studies programs tend to draw courses and instructors from across a university's postgraduate curriculum. Students often devise unique courses of study to suit their individual interests. Typically liberal arts graduate programs are designed to counter the trend in modern education toward specialization and toward a career focus, offering instead the opportunity to explore ideas, to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge, and learning for the joy of the intellectual challenge.
Many institutions followed Wesleyan's initiative. Early proponents of graduate liberal studies included Dartmouth College, The Johns Hopkins University, and Georgetown University. Certain colleges and universities, such as Stanford and Northwestern began to offer postgraduate liberal studies courses through their respective continuing education divisions; however, increasingly during the past two decades, institutions have incorporated liberal studies degree programs into traditional postgraduate divisions, (e.g. Columbia University).
In 2005, Georgetown University became the world's first university to offer a doctorate in liberal studies.
The Association of Graduate Liberal Studies Programs supports the work of the many member universities and colleges by holding a national conference each year and by publishing Confluence: The Journal of Graduate Liberal Studies, which features writing by faculty and students of the member institutions.

Master of Studies in Law (M.S.L.)

Master of Studies in Law (M.S.L.) is a master's degree offered by some law schools to students who wish to study the law but do not want to become attorneys.
The degree has several variants, including a Master of Studies in Law degree (at the University of Toronto and at the University of Pittsburgh), for example, or a Master in the Study of Law (at Ohio State). Georgetown Law will be adding a Masters of Studies in Law (MSL) degree for journalists beginning in 2007-08 academic year. In March 2007 The Ohio Board of Regents approved M.S.L. Degree for the University of Dayton School of Law. Drexel planned to offer a Master of Legal Studies program, but that appears to be on hold as of early 2007. Arizona State University offers a Master of Legal Studies (M.L.S.). The John Marshall Law School in Chicago, and the Albany Law School in New York, both offer M.S. degrees in several concentrations. The Vermont Law School offers The Master of Studies in Environmental Law (M.S.E.L.) degree.
M.S.L. programs typically last one academic year and put students through the same regimen as a first-year J.D. student. M.S.L. students study such staples as constitutional law, torts, contracts, civil procedure, and other requirements alongside regular law students, writing the same papers and taking the same exams. But they graduate after accumulating two semesters of credit instead of six.
M.S.L. programs are usually designed for academics who hold Ph.D.s in a discipline related to the law, and who want to add a legal dimension to scholarship.

LLM law schools

Study University College Programs law schools
In Australia, the LLM is open to law graduates. However, while the majority who enroll are legal practitioners, this is not a pre-requisite for entry. The shortage of graduate program/articles places has resulted in some LLB graduates proceeding directly to an LLM course prior to seeking graduate employment.
In the United Kingdom, an LLM programme is open to those holding a recognised legal qualification, generally an undergraduate degree in Laws or a CPE. They do not have to be or intend to be legal practitioners. An LLM is not always a sufficient qualification in itself to practice as a solicitor or barrister but is an opportunity to gain specialist knowledge of a particular area of law and/or an understanding of the legal systems of other nations. As with other degrees, an LLM can be studied on a part-time basis at many institutions and in some circumstances by distance learning.
In India, the thrust of legal education is on the undergraduate law degrees with most of those opting for the undergraduate law degree either going forward to enroll themselves with the Bar Council of India and start practicing as Advocates or giving legal advice without being eligible to appear in courts (a consequence of non-enrollment). Similar to the United Kingdom, a Masters degree in Law in India is basically opted by those looking forward to either join the academia and teaching profession or to specialize in particular areas of law. Traditionally the most popular areas of specialization in these Masters degrees in law in India have been constitutional law, family law and taxation law. However with the established of specialized law Universities in India since 1987, much emphasis is being given at the Masters level of legal education in India. With the establishment of these universities, focus in specialization has been shifted to newer areas such as intellectual property law, international trade law etc.
In the USA, the LL.M. is a "master's" degree for persons who are already lawyers. Historically, the J.D. ("juris doctor") has been seen, and is in most cases, the only professional degree needed for those who wish to "practice" within the law; the LL.M. is seen as an advanced degree which while being more oriented towards academia, is increasingly becoming a useful tool in the specialized legal profession.
Internationally, the LL.M. from selected law schools in the United States can have high status. However, since no U.S. state requires an LL.M. to practice law in any area, well over 98% of U.S. lawyers, including those that practice in areas of taxation and international law, do not have LL.M. degrees.

Master of Laws study

University College Law Programs
The Master of Laws is an advanced academic degree, or research degree, and is commonly abbreviated LL.M. (also LLM or LL.M) The LL.M. degree is a course of specialized research pursued after earning a first degree in law (such as a LL.B., B.C.L. or J.D.)
In order to become a lawyer and practice law in most states and countries, a person must first obtain a first law degree. While in most common law countries a Bachelor of Laws (or LL.B.) is required, the U.S. requires a graduate Juris Doctor degree to practice law.
If a person wishes to gain specialized knowledge through research in a particular area of law, he or she can continue his or her studies after an LL.B or J.D. in an LL.M. program. The word legum is the genitive plural form of the Latin word lex, which means "of the law". When used in the plural, it signifies a specific body of laws, as opposed to the general collective concept embodied in the word jus, from which the words "juris" and "justice" derive.
The highest research degree in law is the S.J.D. (or J.S.D., depending on the institution), and it is equivalent to the Doctorate of Philosophy in Law (PhD or DPhil depending on the law school in UK) or the Doktor in Rechtswissenschaft (Dr.iur.) in Germany. There are also variant doctoral degrees, such as the D.C.L. (Doctor of Civil Law) degree bestowed by McGill University in Montreal. Most schools require an LLM before admission to a SJD or a PhD in law degree program. Like the PhD, the SJD degree generally requires a dissertation that is graded (often by two graders), orally defended (by an exam known as Viva) and then often published as a book or series of articles.
"Doctor of Laws" (LL.D.) degree in the United States of America is usually a 'honorary' degree. The real research doctorate in the field of law in the United States of America is called "Doctor of Juridical Science" or in its latin expression-"Scientiae Juridicae Doctor" (S.J.D.), which is the most advanced degree in the field of law in the United States of America and equivalent to a Ph.D. in other field.

Master of International Business

University College Programs
Master of International Business is an academic degree program that has rapidly gained popularity since the year 2000. Due to the infant nature of the program it is not widely known, but has been considered by some to be the 'new MBA' as a result of the tendency towards globalization. Currently the degree is offered by a number of universities globally and has been established by some for-profit universities in the USA.
In some universities the degree is offered as an accelerated program (taking less than two full-time years to complete) or as a degree program for working professionals. It is evident that some institutions are offering the degree in similar structure to the MBA where, a typical subject scheme is undertaken in one of two ways. One structure involves undertaking two classes per six to ten week terms and completing eight terms (usually a total of 16 classes). The other structure follows the more traditional full-time semester basis where the student completes four classes per semester over the course of two to three semesters (usually between eight to ten classes). Some refer to the first option as a horizontal structure designed to provide samples of numerous subject topics, whereas the latter is a vertical structure in that the subjects covered reach a greater depth.
The aim of the program is to educate on the interdisciplinary principles of business management as they apply to business in an international context. Of particular emphasis is the development of understanding the diversities and common challenges that people do not ordinarily face in a domestic business setting. These include human resource management, international economics and trade, financial management and marketing. The degree is particularly suited to professionals working in companies which operate in the global arena or for those individuals wishing to pursue this type of career.

Master of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

University College Programs
Master of Innovation and Entrepreneurship is a master's degree in business, with focus on innovation - the process of making improvements by introducing something new, and entrepreneurship - the process of starting new ventures.
The emphasis is on understanding every aspect of innovation processes, and how the different disciplines in business interact with each other and innovation processes. Entrepreneurship also plays an int
egral role, as many new innovations spawn into new business opportunities
The MSc in Innovation and Entrepreneurship is usually made up of two elements, some form of business foundation, and the specialized courses in innovation and entrepreneurship.
Foundation
The common courses offers a general insight into how businesses operate, as well as a historical perspective on modern business and the economy. Areas covered often include:
Finance and business economics
Research methodology and statistics
Business and economic history
Specialization
The innovation and entrepreneurship specific courses offers deeps insights into many aspects of the innovation process, and how to create and finance new ventures. Areas covered may include:
Strategy
Technology
Innovation in different contexts - theoretical, corporate, international, business sectors
New venture creation (entrepreneurship) and financing
Intellectual property rights
Product development .
Schools/University/College offering MSc in Innovation and Entrepreneurship programs
Norwegian School of Management
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
University of Oslo
Chalmers University of Technology
Adolfo Ibáñez University
Newcastle University

Master of Arts

University-college-Programs
Master of Arts / Master of Arts in History
The Magister Artium, Magister in Artibus, or Master of Arts degree is an academic degree of medieval origin which has later acquired different characteristics in different educational systems. It may refer more specifically to:
Master of Arts (postgraduate), a master's degree in North America, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, India, and some European countries
Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin), a degree from the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, or the University of Dublin (Trinity College), conferred after an interval on holders of the Bachelor of Arts with Honours degree (and certain others) without further study
Master of Arts (Scotland), an undergraduate degree from the ancient universities of Scotland and the University of Dundee

Master of Health Science (MHS)

university College Programs
Master of Health Science (MHS) degree is a specialized master’s degree. Depending on the department and specific area of study, the MHS degree provides opportunities for advanced study and research (academic MHS programs) or prepares individuals to begin or advance their careers as public health professionals (professional MHS programs). They offer an alternative to the Master of Public Health (MPH) degree for students desiring more focused skills and for less experienced students.

Master of Science in Finance (MSF)

university -College Finance Programs :
Master of Science in Finance (MSF) is a Master's degree designed to prepare graduates for careers in financial analysis, investment management and corporate finance. The MSF is generally a one-year, non-thesis degree, and is often positioned as a professional degree.
In the typical MSF, the core curriculum is focused on investment analysis, corporate finance and financial management / managerial accounting. These core topics are preceded by more fundamental coursework in economics, accounting, and quantitative methods (time value of money and introductory statistics) - if these are not a prerequisite for admission, or assumed as known; students with appropriate background may be exempt from (several of) these. The MSF usually concludes with advanced topics - where several areas are integrated or applied - such as portfolio management, financial modeling, mergers and acquisitions and real options. In general, MSF programs emphasize quantitative topics, although may also offer some non-quantitative elective coursework, such as corporate governance, business ethics and business strategy.
The MSF curriculum may also include financial economics and financial risk management as advanced topics (and sometimes managerial economics and quantitative finance / computational finance). Here, the exposure will likely be limited to the generalist level; these areas are usually studied as disciplines in their own right, via specialized degrees in economics and applied mathematics. These branches of economics are usually taught to strengthen the theoretical underpin of the degree - however, since the emphasis on MSF programs is application, they are not developed. The computational topics, although practical, are too technical for a generalist MSF.
Programs usually require a bachelor's degree prior to admission, but many do not require that the undergraduate major be in finance, economics, or even general business; the usual requirement is a sufficient level of numeracy - often including some exposure to calculus and / or probability. Some programes may require work experience (sometimes at the managerial level), particularly if the candidate lacks a relevant undergraduate degree.

Master of Engineering (M.Eng / MEng)

A Master of Engineering, often abbreviated M.Eng (or MEng), can be either an academic or professional master's degree in the field of engineering.
In Australia, the Master of Engineering degree is a research degree requiring completion of a thesis. Like the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.), it is considered a lesser degree than Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). It is not to be confused with Master of Engineering Science or Master of Engineering Studies which are coursework master's degrees. An exception is Monash University which awards a Master of Engineering Science by either research or coursework.
In Canada, the Master of Engineering degree is a graduate degree of typically two years length that involves coursework and a thesis or research paper of significant depth. Some Canadian universities offer a Master of Engineering or Master of Applied Science in engineering or both.
In Germany, the local engineer's degree (Diplomingenieur, a first degree after 5 years of study) will be abolished by 2010, and will be replaced by postgraduate master's degrees (M.Sc. and M.Eng).
in India A postgraduate program in engineering or technology generally leads to either the Master of Engineering (M.E) or Master of Technology (M.Tech.) degree, and is used to specialize within an engineering branch or field. In electrical engineering, for example, areas of specialization might include: power systems, electrical machines, instrumentation and control, high voltage or power electronics.
In South Korea, the master of engineering, which takes a minimum of two years, is a postgraduate program that follows the undergraduate of four years. It is commonly awarded for specializations in the field of engineering rather than the science.
In the USA, the Master of Engineering degree is generally a professional degree offered as a coursework-based alternative to the traditional research-based Master of Science. It is typically a two-year program, and many universities allow students to choose between the Master of Engineering and the Master of Science.
In the UK, the M.Eng is an undergraduate award, available after pursuing a four or five year course of study. These are taught courses, with only a small research element in the third and/or final year, and are not available as postgraduate qualifications in most cases. Most British universities offer both the traditional three or four year courses in engineering, leading to a B.Sc. or B.Eng, and a M.Eng respectively.

Master of Commerce (MComm / M. Comm)

College - University
Master of Commerce (MComm/M. Comm) is a postgraduate Masters Degree focusing on economics, accounting, marketing, management, and other commerce related subjects. Like the undergraduate Bachelor of Commerce, the degree is predominately offered in commonwealth nations such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. A Master of Commerce typically requires only one year of full time study. Programs usually include a thesis component, with some programs being exclusively thesis based. The degree places more emphasis on theory and business principles than similar graduate degrees such as the MBA or MSF, and therefore, usually requires concentration in one subject area.
Admission is usually on the basis of an existing Bachelor's (or similar compatible) degree, generally the Bachelor of Commerce. Some programs admit students with non-business undergraduate backgrounds such as liberal arts, engineering, or degrees in other sciences. A Master of Commerce allows students to capitalize on their existing strengths and backgrounds while developing business acumen.
Post Graduation
Graduates of a Master of Commerce program will be able to find employment opportunities in the areas of financial services, funds management, marketing, program management, and business consulting. Based on specialisation:
Project Manager (IT), Business Analyst, Business Systems Planner, Systems Manager, State Public Servant, Purchasing Officer, Share Clerk, Accountant, Software Designer, Taxation Consultant/ Agent, Management Consultant, Merchant Banker, Public Servant, Database Administrator, Information Systems Manager, Sales Manager, Superannuation Fund Administrator, Systems Accountant, Systems Analyst, Stockbroker's Clerk, Auctioneer, Auditor, Finance Manager/Planner, Insurance Broker, Investment Analyst, Securities Clerk, Sharebroker, Software Consultant, Stockbroker, Systems Administrator, Budget Accountant, Financial Dealer and Broker, Financial Market Dealer, Investment Adviser.
The Master of Commerce includes a research component and thus provides access to a doctorate; progressing from the Master of Commerce, a student can pursue a Doctor of Commerce (DCom), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), or a Doctor of Philosophy (Phd) degree program.
College - University Master of Commerce :
The University of Virginia's McIntire School of Commerce :
The Danish Institute for Study Abroad at the University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology's School of Business and Management
Peking University's Guanghua School of Management (Beijing, China).

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