Study | Studying at International world universities and colleges

Study at Australia | University of New South Wales - UNSW

2010-09-24T03:18:00.000-07:00

Study in Australia : The University of New South Wales, also known as UNSW or colloquially as New South, is a university in Kensington, a suburb in Sydney, Australia.
The University of New South Wales Founded in 1949, it is recognised as one of Australia’s leading teaching and research institutions, and has developed a strong reputation in a number of fields, including renewable/alternative energy, quantum computing and nanotechnology, taxation reform, information and communication technology, digital media, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, sustainable development, HIV/AIDS research, and social justice and social policy research.

Faculties
The University of New South Wales has nine faculties:
* Arts and Social Sciences
* Australian Defence Force Academy
* The Australian School of Business
* Built Environment
* College of Fine Arts
* Engineering
* Law
* Medicine
* Science

University of Sydney - Study at Australia

2010-09-24T03:07:00.000-07:00

The University of Sydney ( Sydney University) is the oldest university in Australia. The university’s reputation has been built on the breadth of disciplines that it offers to students and the quality and impact of its research.
The Sydney University has a number of small special-purpose satellite campuses obtained from other organisations over the past 20 years, however the main campus is centred on the large Oxbridge-inspired grounds which spread across the suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington on the south-western outskirts of the Sydney CBD.

The University of Sydney comprises sixteen faculties:
* Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources
* Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning
* Faculty of Arts
* Faculty of Dentistry
* Faculty of Economics and Business
* Faculty of Education and Social Work
* Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies
* Faculty of Fine Arts
* Faculty of Health Sciences
* Sydney Law School
* Sydney Medical School
* Faculty of Music
* Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery
* Faculty of Pharmacy
* Faculty of Science
* Faculty of Veterinary Science

In 2010, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed the University of Sydney 71st in the world and 3rd in Australia behind the University of Melbourne (36th) and the Australian National University (43rd). The university fell from its position of joint 36th with Ecole Polytechnique and the University of Melbourne in the 2009 THE-QS World University Rankings (in 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings parted ways to produce separate rankings). On the ARWU rankings, University of Sydney is placed within the top 10 in the Asia Pacific. According to Reuter's recent research publication, University of Sydney was the biggest non-government research institute in the Australia-New Zealand (Oceania) region. Apart from that, outside the Australian government's research arm, the university has consistently been the largest recipient of research grants in the country over the last 10 years, particularly in medicine.
About: Sydney , Study at Australia .

University of Technology, Sydney - Study at Australia

2010-09-24T02:57:00.000-07:00

Studying at Australia - Sidney City...

University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), is a university in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Technology, Sydney is notable for its central location as the only university with its main campuses within the Sydney CBD. It is part of the Australian Technology Network of universities and has the fifth largest enrolment in Sydney.
The University of Technology, Sydney , has faculties of :
Science
Arts and Social Sciences : More than 2000 students are enrolled in the faculty of Education.
Business : The largest faculty at UTS and one of the largest business schools in Australia with more than 10,000 full-time equivalent students and an active global network of almost 50,000 alumni. The Dean is Professor Roy Green. The schools of Accounting and Finance have AACSB and CFA accreditation respectively.
Design, Architecture and Building : The School of Design of the former Sydney College of the Arts was incorporated into NSWIT on 25 January 1988 and on 26 January NSWIT became the University of Technology, Sydney, known as UTS.
Engineering and Information Technology: UTS Engineering is one of the largest providers of engineering education in Australia and teaches over 5,000 students, both within Australia and in international locations.
Law : Approximately 2,500 students and an average of 90% of undergraduate students working full-time.
Nursing, Midwifery and Health UTS: Nursing, Midwifery and Health offers the only stand-alone Bachelor of Midwifery in NSW.

Study in Sidney Australia - Universities & colleges

2010-09-24T02:41:00.001-07:00

Sydney City Australia is home to some most prestigious universities, technical institutions and schools, and is also the site of Australia's first university, the University of Sydney, established in 1850. There are five other public universities operating primarily in Sydney; the University of New South Wales, Macquarie University, the University of Technology, Sydney, the University of Western Sydney, and the Australian Catholic University (two out of six campuses). Other universities which operate secondary campuses in Sydney include the University of Notre Dame Australia and the University of Wollongong. A significant number of students, 2,411, leave Sydney to go to the Australian National University in Canberra.
There are four multi-campus government-funded Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes in Sydney, which provide vocational training at a tertiary level: the Sydney Institute of Technology, Northern Sydney Institute of TAFE, Western Sydney Institute of TAFE and South Western Sydney Institute of TAFE. Study at Sidney Australia

University of Western Sydney - Study in Australia

2010-05-17T03:04:00.000-07:00

College & University Sydney
University of Western Sydney, also known as UWS, is a university in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. University of Western Sydney has campuses in the Greater Western Sydney suburbs of Rydalmere, Westmead, Richmond, Quakers Hill, Werrington South, Werrington North, Kingswood, Milperra and Campbelltown. UWS is a provider of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.
UWS is gaining an increasing reputation for teaching and research excellence. In 2007, the University was ranked 24th among Australian Universities by the Melbourne Institute. In 2009, UWS was placed within the top 600 universities worldwide by Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

The University comprises seventeen schools, which are grouped into three colleges:
College of Arts
School of Communication Arts
School of Education
School of Humanities and Languages
School of Psychology
School of Social Sciences
College of Business
School of Accounting
School of Economics and Finance
School of Law
School of Management
School of Marketing
Sydney Graduate School of Management
College of Health and Science
School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
School of Computing and Mathematics
School of Engineering
School of Medicine
School of Natural Sciences
School of Nursing

Study in Australia - University of New South Wales

2010-05-17T02:54:00.000-07:00

Find best College & University in Sidney
University of New South Wales, also known as UNSW or colloquially as New South, is a university situated in Kensington, a suburb in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The University of New South Wales was founded in 1949. Today it is recognised as one of Australia’s leading teaching and research institutions, and has developed a strong reputation in a number of fields, including renewable/alternative energy, quantum computing and nanotechnology, taxation reform, information and communication technology, digital media, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, sustainable development, HIV/AIDS research, and social justice and social policy research.

The University has nine faculties:
Arts and Social Sciences
Australian Defence Force Academy
The Australian School of Business
Built Environment
College of Fine Arts
Engineering
Law
Medicine
Science

The main UNSW campus is situated in Kensington, Sydney. Two of the University's faculties are situated elsewhere. The College of Fine Arts, is located in the inner suburb of Paddington. The Australian Defence Force Academy is situated in Canberra. The University also has additional campuses and field stations at Randwick, Coogee, Botany, Little Bay, Dee Why, Cowan, Manly Vale and Fowlers Gap.

The main UNSW campus is divided geographically into two areas: upper campus and lower campus. These two are separated mainly by an elevation rise between the quadrangle and the Scientia building. It takes roughly fifteen minutes to walk from one extreme to the other.

The University has recently set up a high-grade Analytical Centre, which will co-locate major research activities for the Faculties of Science, Medicine and Engineering. It will be used to study the structure and composition of biological, chemical and physical materials.

The University has a number of residential colleges, including: Philip Baxter College, Basser College, Goldstein College, New College, Warrane College, International House, Shalom College and Creston College.

University of Technology, Sydney

2010-05-17T01:13:00.000-07:00

Study In Australia, bachelor's degrees and post-graduate study, master
University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), is a university in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The university was founded in its current form in 1988, although its origins trace back to the 1870s. UTS is notable for its central location as the only university with its main campuses within the Sydney CBD. It is part of the Australian Technology Network of universities and has the fifth largest enrolment in Sydney. UTS has been ranked 234th in the World's Top 500 universities by the Times HES (2008) and was one of two Australian Universities given A1 ratings across all major disciplines in 2007 and 2008 by the Federal Government Education department.

University of Technology, Sydney
Faculty
Arts and Social Sciences : More than 2000 students are enrolled in the faculty of Education.
Business The largest faculty at UTS and one of the largest business schools in Australia with more than 10,000 full-time equivalent students and an active global network of almost 50,000 alumni. The Dean is Professor Roy Green.
The schools of Accounting and Finance have AACSB and CFA accreditation respectively.
Design, Architecture and Building : The School of Design of the former Sydney College of the Arts was incorporated into NSWIT on 25 January 1988 and on 26 January NSWIT became the University of Technology, Sydney, known as UTS.
Engineering and Information Technology UTS Engineering is one of the largest providers of engineering education in Australia and teaches over 5,000 students, both within Australia and in international locations.
Law Approximately 2,500 students and an average of 90% of undergraduate students working full-time.
Nursing, Midwifery and Health UTS: Nursing, Midwifery and Health offers the only stand-alone Bachelor of Midwifery in NSW
Science

Sydney - Australia

2010-05-17T00:57:00.000-07:00

Study in Australia, Sydney City University - college
Sydney is the largest city in Australia and Oceania, and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is often called "the Harbour City". It is one of the most multicultural cities in the world, reflecting its role as a major destination for immigrants to Australia.
The city is home to many prominent parks, such as Hyde Park, Royal Botanical Gardens and national parks. This is a major factor, along with Sydney Harbour, that has led to the city’s reputation as one of the most beautiful in the world.

Education in Sydney Australia
Sydney is considered an alpha+ world city, as listed by the Loughborough University group's 2008 inventory, is ranked 16th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2008 Global Cities Index and is an international centre for commerce, arts, fashion, culture, entertainment, education and tourism.

Sydney is home to some of Australia's most prominent educational institutions. The University of Sydney, established in 1850, is Australia's oldest university and the largest in Sydney. Other public universities located in Sydney include the University of Technology, Sydney, the University of New South Wales, Macquarie University, the University of Western Sydney and the Australian Catholic University (two out of six campuses). Other universities which operate secondary campuses in Sydney include the University of Notre Dame Australia and the University of Wollongong.

There are four multi-campus government-funded Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes in Sydney, which provide vocational training at a tertiary level: the Sydney Institute of Technology, Northern Sydney Institute of TAFE, Western Sydney Institute of TAFE and South Western Sydney Institute of TAFE.

Sydney has public, denominational and independent schools. Public schools, including pre-schools, primary and secondary schools, and special schools are administered by the New South Wales Department of Education and Training.

Bachelor of Engineering (Netherlands)

2008-08-21T11:52:00.000-07:00

In the Netherlands the Bachelor of Engineering was also introduced as part of implementation of the bologna process, the same as in Germany. The degree is only offered by Dutch Hogeschool-institutions and is equivalent to the Dutch engineer's degree "ingenieur" (ing.). A Dutch BEng involves a rigorous study of four years and is only awarded in the field of aeronautical engineering, mechanical engineering, software engineering, or electrical engineering. Completion of a Dutch engineer's study in the field biochemical engineering, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, material engineering is however awarded with a Bachelor of Applied Science degree. Dutch technical universities award a Bachelor of Science in engineering (BScEng) instead of the BEng degree.

University-Collage study program

Bachelor of Engineering

2008-08-21T11:39:00.000-07:00

Bachelor of Engineering (commonly abbreviated as BE or BEng) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded to a student after three to five years of studying engineering at an accredited vocational university in Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, Finland, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Korea, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, South Africa, Zimbabwe, the United States and the United Kingdom.
Some institutions award a Bachelor of Science (BSc) or Bachelor of Applied Science (BASc) degree to undergraduate students of engineering study. In some cases, Bachelor of Engineering degrees are given to students who take engineering courses as a majority of their course load.
A Bachelor of Engineering degree will usually be undertaken in one field of engineering, which is sometimes noted in the degree postnominals, as in BE(Aero) or BEng(Elec).

University-Collage study program

bachelor's degree in Italy

2008-08-21T10:55:00.000-07:00

University-Collage study program

Italy, bachelor's degree
Since the Bologna Process the old Italian five years laurea system is no longer in use. The BA level corresponds today to the "Laurea" (its name has been "Laurea Triennale" for a short time after reform), which has a normative time to completion of three years (notice that in Italy students graduate from high school at the age of 19) and grants the access to postgraduate degrees (the equivalent of Master Degree being "Laurea Magistrale", even though its name after reform has been "Laurea Specialistica" for a short time). In order to graduate, students must complete 180 credits and write a thesis. Graduation marks go from 66 to 110 (for some important Universities such as Polytechnics the maximum mark awarded is 100). According to each faculty internal ruling a lode (distinction) may be assigned to candidates with a 110/110 mark for recognition of the excellence of the thesis. BA/BSc and MA/MSc graduates in Italy are addressed as Dottore (for a man) or Dottoressa (for a woman).

Bachelor's degree

2008-08-21T10:32:00.000-07:00

Bachelor's degree is always an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. It may also be the name of a postgraduate degree, such as a Bachelor of Civil Law, the Bachelor of Music, or the Bachelor of Philosophy.
Honours degrees and academic distinctions
Under the new British system, and those influenced by it, such as the American, Canadian, Irish, Jordanian, Indian, Malaysian, Maltese, Sri Lankan, Singaporean, Zimbabwean, and Hong Kong, undergraduate degrees are differentiated either as pass degrees or as honours degrees, the latter sometimes denoted by the appearance of "(Hons)" after the degree abbreviation. An honours degree generally requires a higher academic standard than a pass degree, and in Malta, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Scotland, Sri Lankan, South Africa, Malaysia and some Canadian universities an extra year of study. Previously in the UK Polytechnics, an honours degree took one more year of study than an ordinary degree. This applies in Scotland with ordinary MA and MA(Hons) degrees (which are the equivalent of English first (BA) degrees). In England now, most first degrees are assumed to be honours as Third Class honours is actually a relatively low standard. In Scotland there also exist Designated Degrees. But other universities, such as MIT, do not make any such distinctions.
Bachelor's degrees in Europe
Bachelor's degrees exist in almost every country in Europe. However, these degrees were only recently introduced in some Continental European countries, where Bachelor's degrees were unknown before the Bologna process.
France
The traditional bachelor's degree is the equivalent of the French "Licence" 3 years degree. Since the new European system of 2004 "LMD" Bologna process there are universities the Bachelor 3-years, 2 years for the Master and 3 or more years for the Doctorat
Austria
The historical situation in Austria is very similar to the situation in Germany. The traditional first degrees are also the Magister and the Diplom. A new educational legislation in 2002 reintroduced the Bachelors degree (awarded after three years) also in Austria.
Belgium
Since the new European system Bologna process, the 3 years Bachelor cursus replaces the old 3 years grad school which was called "graduat" or the old 2 or 3 years "candidatures" which prepare for university diploma.
Poland
In Poland, the licentiate degree corresponds to the Bachelor's degree in Anglophone countries.
Russia and Ukraine
The specialist degree (Russian: специалист) was the first academic distinction in the Soviet Union. In the early 1990s, Bakalavr (Bachelor's) degrees were introduced in all the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, except Turkmenistan. After Bakalavr degree, one can earn a Master's degree (another 1–2 years) while preserving the old 5-year Specialist scheme. Specialist degree is now being discontinued in universities that take part in Bologna process, so new students don't have this option.

In Asia
Malaysia
Institutes of higher learning in Malaysia provides a three & four years of education leading to a B.Sc Hons Degree. There are also twinning programme with Australian and UK universities.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, arts, commerce and science colleges provide four year bachelor's degrees (BA, BSc, BBA, BCom, etc.). Generally these programs are of four years duration and begin after secondary school year 12. After successful completion of these programs, a Bachelor's degree is awarded by the respective university to which the college is affiliated.
Philippines
In the Philippines, where the term "course" is commonly used to refer to a bachelor's degree, several undergraduate categories exist - the two most common degrees awarded being Bachelor of Science (BS) and Bachelor of Arts (AB or BA). Specializations ("majors") in economics, business administration, radiologic technology, nursing, architecture and engineering fall under Science in most colleges and universities.

Bachelors' degrees in Scotland

2008-08-21T10:14:00.000-07:00

Bachelors' degrees in Scotland, At the four Ancient universities of Scotland (St Andrews, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen) and also at Dundee, undergraduate degrees are differentiated as either Designated Degrees or Honours Degrees.
An Honours degree (( Master of Arts MA (Hons) for arts/social sciences or BSc (Hons) for sciences)) is awarded for students who have completed four years at university - two years at sub-honours level, studying a variety of different subjects, and two years at honours level studying one subject in depth, usually including a dissertation in the final year. Honours degrees are further subdivided in classes. These are first class, upper second class (2:1) and lower second class (2:2).
A designated degree (MA or BSc) is awarded to students who have completed three years at university studying a variety of related subjects. The first two years of both a Designated Degree and an Honours Degree are identical, but candidates for the Designated Degree study in less depth in their final year, and often over a wider variety of subjects. Candidates for the Designated Degree do not usually complete a dissertation. A Scottish Designated Degree is different from an English Pass Degree even though both are denoted BSc Bachelor of Science

Bachelors' degrees in the USA

2008-08-21T10:10:00.000-07:00

University-Collage study program Bachelors' degrees

Bachelors' degrees in the USA are typically designed to be completed in four years of full-time study, although some programs (such as engineering or architecture) usually take five, and some universities and colleges allow ambitious students (usually with the help of summer school and/or high school Advanced Placement courses) to complete them in as little as three years. Some U.S. colleges and universities have a separate academic track known as an "honors" or "scholars" program, generally offered to the top percentile of students (based on GPA), and offering more challenging courses or more individually-directed seminars or research projects in lieu of the standard core curriculum. The students are awarded the same bachelor's degree as students completing the standard curriculum, but with the notation "in cursu honorum" on the transcript and the diploma. Usually, the above latin honors are separate from the notation for this honors course, but a student in the honors course generally must maintain grades at least worthy of the "cum laude" notation anyway.

Bachelor degree in denmark

2008-08-21T10:05:00.000-07:00

University-Collage, program & study in Denmark

Bachelor degree was re-introduced at universities in Denmark in 1993, after the original degree baccalaureus was abandoned in 1775. The bachelor degree is awarded after 3 or 4 years of study at a university, and follows a scheme much similar to the British one. Two bachelor degrees are used at university level today:
Bachelor of Science (BSc), awarded to students with main focus on scientific, medical or technical areas.
Bachelor of Arts (BA), awarded to students with main focus on humanistic, theological or jurisprudence areas.
The bachelor degree has also been used since the late 1990s in a number of areas like nursing and teaching. Usually referred to as a profession-bachelor these degrees usually requires 4 years of study at a college. These bachelor degrees do not grant automatic access to a university master's program, as opposed to the traditional bachelor degrees awarded by universities.

Bachelor's degrees in Netherlands

2008-08-21T10:01:00.000-07:00

University-Collage study program in Netherlands

Bachelor's degrees In 2004, the Dutch degree system was changed to abide to international standards. Former degrees such as the baccalaureus (bc. for Bachelor), doctorandus (prefix abbreviated to drs.; it corresponds to MA or MSc), ingenieur (ing. for those having graduated from a university of applied science and ir. for those having graduated from university), meester in de rechten (mr.; it corresponds to LL.M.) and doctor (dr.; it corresponds to Ph.D) are still granted along with their international equivalents.
Bachelor's degrees are granted by both accredited colleges and universities. For colleges after four years of education a bachelor's degree is obtained (e.g. B.Com., B.Eng. but no B.A. or B.Sc.). For universities after three years of education a degree is granted (B.A., B.Sc. and LL.B.)
Whether a bachelor's degree is granted by a college or university makes a lot of difference. B.A.'s from a university grant 'immediate' entry into a master's programme (and are usually considered a formality to allow students entering foreign universities master's programmes), bachelor degrees from a college require an extra 'bridge year' (often called a 'pre-master' year) to be allowed into a master's programme, since university bachelors are already tutored in research fields, whereas college bachelors are not. Granted degrees may be used as suffixes (Jan Jansen B.Sc.). Note: the English prefix 'Mr.' corresponds in Dutch with the official, and protected prefix 'mr.', meaning a 'meester in de rechten', i.e. a Master of Law, or the English equivalent LL.M.

bachelor's degree in Switzerland

2008-08-21T09:52:00.000-07:00

Similarly to Austria and Germany, Switzerland does not have a tradition of Bachelor degrees. The traditional first degrees were the Licentiate and the Diplom and the second degrees were the DEA and the Postgraduate Diploma. Bachelor's and graduate Master's degrees replaced the old degrees in 2003 after the application of Bologna process.

Master of Urban Planning

2008-08-21T09:41:00.000-07:00

University-Collage program Urban Planning
Master of Urban Planning (MUP) is a one- to two-year academic/professional Master's degree that qualifies graduates to work as urban planners. Some schools offer the degree as a Master of City Planning (MCP), Master of Regional Planning (MRP), Master of Town Planning (MTP), Master of Planning (MPlan), Master of Urban and Environmental Planning (MUEP) or in some combination of the aforementioned (e.g., Master of Urban and Regional Planning), depending on the program's specific focus. Yet other schools offer a Master of Arts or Master of Science in planning. Regardless of the name, the degree remains generally the same.
Since planning programs are usually small, they tend not to be housed in distinct "planning schools" but rather, as part of an architecture school, a geography department, or a public policy school, since these are cognate fields. Generally speaking, planning programs in architecture schools focus primarily on physical planning and design, while those in policy schools tend to focus on policy and administration. There is some debate in academic circles as to whether or not the housing of planning programs in architecture schools is outdated, as planning is such a diverse discipline that involves more than just urban design and physical planning.
As urban planning is such a broad and interdisciplinary field, a typical planning degree program emphasizes breadth over depth, with core coursework that provides background for all areas of planning. Core courses typically include coursework in history/theory of urban planning, urban design, statistics, land use/planning law, urban economics, and planning practice. Many planning degree programs also allow a student to "concentrate" in a specific area of interest within planning, such as land use, environmental planning, housing, community development, economic development, historic preservation, international development, urban design, transportation planning, or geographic information systems (GIS).
A thesis, final project or capstone project is usually required to graduate. Additionally, an internship component is almost always mandatory due to the high value placed on work experience by prospective employers in the field.
Like most professional Master's degree programs, the MUP is a terminal degree. However, some graduates choose to continue on to doctoral studies in urban planning or cognate fields. A doctorate degree in urban planning does not qualify one for certification as an urban planner in most jurisdictions.

Master of Public Policy

2008-08-21T08:39:00.000-07:00

University-Collage study program Public Policy

Master of Public Policy (M.P.P.), one of several public policy degrees, is a master's level professional degree that provides training in policy analysis and program evaluation at public policy schools. Over time, the curriculum of Master of Public Policy and the Master of Public Administration (M.P.A.) degrees have blended and converged, due to the realization that policy analysis and program evaluation could benefit from an understanding of public administration, and vice versa. The MPP degree is the modern name for the Master of Public Affairs degree, although a number of public policy schools continue to use the Master of Public Affairs name. Today, the core course offerings of many M.P.A. and M.P.P. programs are similar, with M.P.A. programs providing training in policy analysis, and M.P.P. programs providing coursework in program implementation. However, MPP programs still place more emphasis in policy analysis, research and evaluation, while MPA programs place more emphasis on operationalization of public policies and the design of effective programs and projects to achieve public policy goals. Some universities have begun offering a combined M.P.P.A. degree, Master of Public Policy and Administration.
Over the years MPP programs have become more interdisciplinary drawing from economics, sociology, anthropology, politics, and regional planning. In general a core curriculum of an MPP program includes courses on Microeconomics, Public Finance, Research Methods, Statistics and Advanced Data Analysis, Qualitative Research, Politics of Policy Process, Policy Analysis, Ethics, Public Management, Urban Policy & GIS, Program Evaluation, and more. All these courses are designed to equip MPP graduates with skills and knowledge in advanced economic analysis, political analysis, ethical analysis, data analysis, management and leadership. Depending on the interest, MPP students can concentrate in many policy areas including but not limited to urban policy, global policy, social policy, health policy, non-profit management, transportation, economic development, education, information technology, etc.

In recent years, there has been a gradual convergence between the MPP and the Master's in Public Administration(MPA). Today, the course offerings of most MPA and MPP programs overlap to some degree, but MPP programs tend to provide more focused training in policy analysis and policy design, while MPA programs usually still provide more focused coursework in program implementation and public management.

Schools of Public Health

2008-08-21T08:21:00.000-07:00

University-Collage, program
Schools of Public Health & Medical Schools
American University of Armenia, School of Health Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
Andalusian School of Public Health, Spain
Daebul University, South Jeolla, South Korea
Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
Mahidol University, Faculty of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
National Institute for Public Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública) in Cuernavaca, Mexico
Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences, Netherlands
Netherlands School of Public and Occupational Health, Netherlands
San Francisco de Quito University, Quito, Ecuador
Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Bratislava, Slovakia
Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
University of Otago Wellington School of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand
University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Some Schools in Australia
Medical Schools and Schools of Public Health
Curtin University, School of Public Health, Perth, Western Australia
Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC
Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland
Some schools in The USA
According to ASPH Member Schools
Boston University School of Public Health
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
Drexel University School of Public Health
Emory University Rollins School of Public Health
Schools in the United Kingdom
Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London, London
Mooreland College London(provides several different Master degrees in different streams of Public Health)

Master of Public Administration

2008-08-21T07:25:00.000-07:00

University-Collage study program Public Administration
Master of Public Administration (M.P.A./MPA) degree is one of several Master's level professional public affairs degrees that provides training in public policy and project and program implementation (more recently known as public management).
MPA programs focus on public administration at the local, state/provincial, national/federal and supranational levels, as well as in the nonprofit sector. Through its history, the MPA degree has become more interdisciplinary by drawing from fields such as economics, sociology, anthropology, political science, and regional planning in order to equip MPA graduates with skills and knowledge covering a broad range of topics and disciplines relevant to the public sector.

A core curriculum of a typical MPA program usually includes courses on microeconomics, public finance, research methods/statistics, policy process and policy analysis, ethics, public management, leadership, planning & GIS, and program evaluation/performance measurement. Depending on their interest, MPA students can focus their studies on a variety of public sector fields such as urban planning, transportation, health care (especially public health), economic development, urban management, community development, education, non-profits, information technology, environmental policy, etc.
Some Master of Public Administration programs are designed to "provide a high-quality education designed to provide the analytical, management, and policy-making skills needed to succeed in the field of public management," according to CSUF's description. In addition, the MPA can help "to prepare students in one of many specialized fields, such as public finance, human resource management, urban management, and criminal justice."

Master of Philosophy

2008-08-21T07:09:00.000-07:00

University-Collage study

Master of Philosophy, In the usage of United States, Australia, New Zealand, India, United Kingdom, Hong Kong and some other countries, the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) is a research degree, requiring the completion of a thesis. It is a lesser degree than the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or Engineering Doctorate (EngD), greater than (or sometimes equal to) the Bachelor of Philosophy (BPhil,) and in some instances may be awarded as a substitute for a PhD thesis which is a marginal fail. It may also serve as a provisional enrollment for the Ph.D. It is generally thesis only, and is regarded as a senior or second masters degree. An M.Phil. is generally considered equivalent to the French diplôme d'études approfondies (or DEA), to the Spanish Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (also DEA), or First Doctoral Degree.
Master of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, the M.Phil. is a two-year master's degree, while the M.St. is a one-year master's degree. The M.Phil. is considered more difficult and prestigious, as it requires both a lengthy thesis as well as more examinations. Traditionally, the M.Phil. qualified a person to teach at Oxford; some professors, most notably the world-renowned philosopher Richard Swinburne, have held major professorships without ever finishing a doctorate degree. But today, the PhD or EngD is seen as the expected academic terminal degree.
At University of Cambridge offers the M.Phil. as a one or two-year taught or research degree. This is to distinguish it from the Oxford/Cambridge/Trinity Dublin MA degree to which BA graduates usually proceed after a certain period of time and is not awarded as a result of further study (since the seventeenth century). The ancient Scottish Universities, who have the power to award MAs for four-year undergraduate degrees in the arts, differ in their use of M.Phil. or M.Litt. for postgraduate research degrees, but are slowly standardising to the M.Phil. as a research Masters and the M.Litt. as a taught Masters.
Master of Philosophy In the UK, the M.Phil. is increasingly becoming used as it is in the United States - a degree offered but rarely taken, by Ph.D./D.Phil. candidates who have yet to complete their dissertation. Officially, however, many students in the UK do not initially study for a PhD/D.Phil: they study for an M.Phil, and the decision to continue from M.Phil. to D.Phil./Ph.D. is taken at the end of year 2 by the student and supervisors. Even when the student and supervisor agree that a student should study for a PhD after the Bachelors, some supervisors recommend that the student submits an MPhil thesis at the end of his first year of study, in order to gain experience in writing a larger thesis. Some people sometimes read for the M.Phil. instead of the Ph.D., though some may mistake it for a failed Ph.D. rather than recognise it as a passed degree.
Master of Philosophy In the Netherlands the M.Phil. is a special research degree and only awarded by selected departments of a university (mostly in the fields of Arts, Social Sciences, Archeology, Philosophy and Theology). Admission to these programmes is highly selective and primarily aimed at those students opting for an academic career. After finishing these programs, students normally enroll for a PhD program.
Master of Philosophy in some American universities award the M.Phil: at those universities, the degree is awarded to Ph.D. candidates when they complete their required coursework but before they defend their doctoral dissertations. This status is also called A.B.D., or All But Dissertation (or All But Done). Many Ph.D. candidates at these universities view the M.Phil. as a formality and elect not to receive it in order to avoid the paperwork and costs involved. However some programs do not offer an en route M.A. or M.S., so the M.Phil. is the first opportunity to receive a degree between the Bachelor's and Ph.D.

Doctor of Pharmacy

2008-08-21T06:29:00.000-07:00

University-Collage study program Doctor of Pharmacy
In the USA, the PharmD. (Doctor of Pharmacy) degree is a professional degree that prepares the graduate for pharmacy practice.
Traditionally in the USA, the bachelor's degree in pharmacy was the first-professional degree for pharmacy practice. However, in 1990, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) mandated that a doctorate in pharmacy would be the new first-professional degree.
Doctor of Pharmacy In Canada the PharmD program is offered in both English and French
In Portugal, Pharmacy studies can be accessed after completing 4 years of basic school, 5 years of preparatory school, and three years of high school where afterwards the student is submitted to nation wide exams. The process is the same for every degree the student chooses, from medicine to engineering. The student takes the Master's degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences (equivalent to the PharmD program) in one of the 9 Pharmacy faculties with their own respective numerus clausus which comprises a 6 year rigorous study (5 with the uniformities in EU teaching).
Doctor of Pharmacy In Netherlands, The eduction of pharmacists in the Netherlands requires a minimum of six years of university study. EU-harmonisation has led to division into three bachelor and three master years. A bachelor title is, however, not used at all professionally. The Dutch consider the educational level of their current (M.Sc.) Degree in Pharmacy to be comparable to the PharmD title in use in the United States. Before the harmonization a four year Master of Science was superseded by two more years of university education preparing for pharmacy practice. To become a hospital pharmacist a 4-year residency program has to completed.
Doctor of Pharmacy In UK the PharmD is a relatively new postgraduate doctorate degree open to qualified pharmacists. It is offered by the University of Bradford, taking place over 3 years of clinical practice followed by 2 years of research. It is also offered by the University of Portsmouth and the University of Derby.
In the Czech Republic, the PharmDr. (Pharmaciae doctor) diploma can be obtained by pharmacists who had graduated in pharmacy (Magister, Mgr.) before (the undergraduate study of pharmacy takes 5 years). Applicants must defend a recherche or experimental thesis, and pass a rigorous examination.
In France, pharmacy studies can only be accessed through a competitive examination ("concours", with numerus clausus) happening at the end of the first year, similarly to Medicine studies. Most candidates hold a Scientific Baccalaureate from the equivalent to high schools (lycée). In case of failure, it is possible to retry once (twice in extremely rare cases).
Doctor of Pharmacy In Italy, the course of study leading to the laurea known as Dottore in farmacia lasts 5 years and includes a guided professional apprenticeship in a pharmacy.
Doctor of Pharmacy In the Philippines, only the Centro Escolar University offers the degree Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD). The degree requires the completion of 52 units of formal course work and 36 units of clinical rotation done at the Makati Medical Center. It is a 2-year postbaccalaureate degree open to licensed pharmacists in the philippines.
Doctor of Pharmacy In Pakistan, the PharmD. (Doctor of Pharmacy) degree is a professional degree that prepares the graduate for pharmacy practice.
Traditionally in Pakistan, the bachelor's degree in pharmacy was the first-professional degree for pharmacy practice. However, in 2003, the Pakistan Pharmacy Council mandated that a doctorate in pharmacy would be the new first-professional degree.
The PharmD in Pakistan is a professional basic degree consisting of 5 years. Most universities in Pakistan are offering the PharmD program such as Karachi University; Dow College of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Baqai University, Federal Urdu University, The University of Punjab, etc.
Doctor of Pharmacy In India DPharm (2 years course) is the minimum qualification to be a registered pharmacist in India. BPharm (4 years course) course is also available butUniversities. Recently Pharmacy Council of India permitted three universities to start PharmD course. Still India require a long period to upgrade standards in Pharmacy education.
Doctor of Pharmacy In Saudi Arabia, at king Abdualziz University (2001), the faculty of pharmacy started with pharm.d degree. In 2006 , Dr.Majed Al-ghamdi , Amjad alghamdi, Ameer Al-zanbaqi, Mohammed Akbar, Hani shawoosh, Nader diwan, Prof.Mohammed Alselimani, they enter the Faculty of pharmacy.

Master of Pharmacy

2008-08-21T06:12:00.000-07:00

University-Collage study program/schools of Pharmacy
Master of Pharmacy (abbreviated MPharm or MPharm(Hons)) is an undergraduate academic degree in the field of pharmacy. In many countries, it has superseded a Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) as the prerequisite for registration to practise as a pharmacist. It may also refer to a postgraduate coursework or research degree in the field of pharmacy.
In Australia, prior to 2004, MPharm was a postgraduate research degree. In 2004, the University of Newcastle introduced a two-year postgraduate MPharm coursework program, to provide an accelerated route for graduates of undergraduate science or medical science degrees to gain qualification for registration to practise as pharmacists.
In the United Kingdom, MPharm or MPharm(Hons) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded following four years academic study in pharmacy. The degree is awarded by all of the schools of pharmacy in the UK and superseded the BSc (Pharmacy) and BPharm degrees when the length of the undergraduate pharmacy course was increased from three to four years in 1997 as part of EU harmonisation. The initial 3 years of the degree are taught at undergraduate level (failure to complete the 3rd year with satisfactory marks can result in the awarding of a BPharmSci (Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Science) degree) and the final year is taught at postgraduate level in order to attain a Masters degree.

Bachelor of Pharmacy

2008-08-21T06:02:00.000-07:00

University-college, programs Pharmacy
Bachelor of Pharmacy (abbreviated BPharm) is an undergraduate academic degree in the field of pharmacy. The degree is the basic prerequisite for registration to practice as a pharmacist in many countries.
In the United States, this degree was granted as the baccalaureate pharmacy degree only at Washington State University, where it has now been superseded by the PharmD degree. The degree previously offered within the US—and still the required degree in Canada, is the Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy.
Bachelor of Pharmacy in Australia, the opPharm degree is awarded following a four-year undergraduate pharmacy program. Australian undergraduate pharmacy courses were previously three years, but were increased to four years during the 1990s with offering a four-year Bachelor of Pharmacy (Rural) (abbreviated BPharm (Rural)) program at its Orange campus.
in India, The Bachelor of Pharmacy degree is popularly known as B Pharm in India. It is a four year program. In order to be eligible, one must pass with at least 50% marks in Pre University Course with biology as one of the subjects, or complete a DPharma (Diploma in Pharmacy). In some states it is also mandatory to give an additional pharmacy entrance examination in order to be eligible for the course.
Bachelor of Pharmacy in Ireland
BPharm degrees in the Irish Republic are offered by:
Trinity College, Dublin
University College Cork
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin
However in Northern Ireland (which is part of the United Kingdom) MPharm degrees (as opposed to BPharm degrees) are offered at Queen's University Belfast as in the rest of the UK.
In the United Kingdom, the BPharm degree was awarded following a three-year undergraduate pharmacy program. It was superseded in 1997 by the Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) degree, awarded following a four year program, as a result of European Union harmonisation.

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)

2008-08-20T12:34:00.000-07:00

Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) is an advanced-level quaternary education degree for Registered Nurses. It is required to become an advanced practice nurse, such as a Nurse Practitioner, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse Anesthetist, Nurse Midwife, or a Clinical nurse leader, and is considered an entry-level degree for nurse educators and managers. It may also be a prerequisite for doctorate-level nursing education.
Master of Science in Nursing graduate-level degree may focus in one or more of many different advanced nursing specialties such as acute care, adult, family, geriatrics, neonatal, palliative care, pediatric, psychiatric, women's health, etc.
A Master of Nursing (MN) is a graduate-level program for individuals who have a non-nursing bachelor's degree and would like to become a nurse. The program prepares the student at a higher level than a traditional BSN program to enter the profession of nursing. The MN degree program is not a program that prepares the nurse for advanced practice positions, such as a clinical nurse specialist, or a nurse practitioner; it is not a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree. The program offers the shortest path for college graduates who want to be nurses. The courses emphasize research, evidence-based practice, clinical reasoning, and theoretical perspectives in nursing and are taught at a higher level than traditional BSN courses. It opens up additional financial aid options. Rather than another bachelor's degree, the MN reflects the advanced course work in the field of nursing.

Doctor of Musical Arts

2008-08-20T12:28:00.000-07:00

University College Programs

Doctor of Musical Arts degree (D.M.A., D.Mus.A. or A.Mus.D. ) is a doctoral academic degree in music. The D.M.A. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually music performance, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history, music theory, or music pedagogy. The D.M.A. degree, which takes about three years of full-time study to complete, prepares students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers. As a terminal degree, the D.M.A. qualifies its recipient to be work in university, college, and conservatory teaching and research positions.
D.M.A. is widely available in performance (sometimes with a specialization in pedagogy and/or literature), composition, and conducting. The D.M.A. degree was pioneered by Boston University, which offered its first D.M.A. program in 1955. In 2005, Boston University also expanded into online music education by launching the first online doctoral degree in music, a D.M.A. program (along with a Master of Music program) in music education. Some universities awarding doctoral degrees in these areas use the title Doctor of Music (D.M. or D.Mus.) or Doctor of Arts (D.A.) instead of D.M.A.
The Doctor of Musical Arts in music education is less common. Doctorates in music education are more commonly awarded as a research-oriented Ph.D., with the Ed.D and the Doctor of Music Education (D.M.E.) being other options. The terminal degree in music theory, musicology, and ethnomusicology is typically the Ph.D..
D.M.A. students typically complete applied studies, such as lessons or mentoring with a professor, and take courses within their area of specialization. In many D.M.A. programs, all of the different D.M.A. streams (e.g., performance, composition, conducting) take a common core of music theory and music history courses. Many D.M.A. programs require students to pass a comprehensive exam on their area of specialization and on subjects such as music history and music theory. The last stage of the D.M.A. degree is usually the completion of a thesis, dissertation, or research project and the performance of recitals, usually including at least one lecture-recital.
Some programs additionally require a sub-specialization in a cognate area within music, such as music history or performance practice, which contributes to their area of specialization. For example, a student doing a D.M.A. in Baroque violin might do a sub-specialization in Baroque music history or Baroque-era dance.

To be admitted to a D.M.A. degree program, most institutions require a M.Mus. degree or an M.A. degree in music or a related field, usually with a grade average of "B+" or higher. In rare cases, some schools will conditionally admit a gifted student with a highly-respected B.Mus. degree (e.g., a virtuoso performer with a B.Mus. from the Juilliard School). D.M.A. programs in performance usually require an audition that includes advanced pieces from a wide range of styles, ranging from a J.S. Bach suite or Mozart concerto to a 2000s-era modern composition. Admission to doctoral programs in conducting often require a video recording of a live rehearsals and performances as a pre-screening element. Composition programs usually require the submission of a portfolio of compositions, including scores and recordings of live performances.

Doctor of Music

2008-08-20T12:22:00.000-07:00

University Programs

Doctor of Music degree (D.Mus., Mus.D. Mus.Doc.), like other doctorates, is an academic degree of the highest level. The D.Mus. is intended for musicians and composers who wish to combine the highest attainments in their area of specialization with doctoral-level academic study in music. (It should be noted that in the UK, apart from only a few universities (such as those of of Oxford and Cambridge) and some music conservatories, the majority of doctoral level qualifications in music are styled with the generic doctoral title of PhD).
D.Mus. students complete advanced studies in one of typically three musical areas: musicology; performance (including conducting); or musical composition. Assessment varies with subject matter and University. A musicologist would be expected to produce a thesis on a specialised subject matter, whilst a performer would give a recital, and composer would present a portfolio of compositions. Once obtained, D.Mus performers and composers may expect to be able to progress into their associated professional careers, whilst musicologists may continue with post-doctoral research.
In the UK, the DMus is a higher doctorate degree, awarded on the basis of a substantial portfolio of compositions and/or publications on music. Some institutions such as Oxford restrict the DMus to their own graduates which is the opposite of former times when the degree could be taken externally (i.e. by non-graduates/non-MAs).
The Doctor of Music degree has also been utilized as an Honorary Degree when presented to musicians like Steve Vai, Daniel Barenboim, Mark Knopfler, Sir Paul McCartney, Bob Dylan, Hunter Cune, Joni Mitchell, Randy Bachman, and John Mellencamp.

Bachelor of Music

2008-08-20T12:16:00.000-07:00

University College Programs
Bachelor of Music (B.M., B.Mus. or Mus.B) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by a college, university, or conservatory upon completion of program of study in music. In the United States, the Bachelor of Music is a professional degree; the majority of work consists of prescribed music courses and study in applied music, usually requiring a proficiency performing an instrument. Such a program lasts three to four and a half years.
A Bachelor of Music may be awarded for Music Performance, Music Education, Composition, Music Theory, Musicology/Music History, Music Technology, Music Therapy, Music Business, Music Entertainment, Music Production or Jazz Studies. Recently, some universities have begun offering degrees in Music Composition with Technology, which encompasses traditional theory and musicology coursework, but also adds the element of engineering in a studio, and becoming proficient at full-scale studio production.
In England, the degree of Bachelor of Music is generally an undergraduate degree lasting three years and consisting of a wide range of areas of study (normally including Music Performance, Composition, Music Theory, Musicology/Music History), but at the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge it is a postgraduate degree which can only be read if you are a graduate in music with honors at those universities; the undergraduate degree is in the Faculty of Arts.

Master of Music

2008-08-20T12:10:00.000-07:00

University College Programs

Master of Music (M.M. ,M.Mus.) is the first graduate degree in Music. The M.Mus. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually music performance, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history, music theory, or music pedagogy. The M.Mus degree, which takes one or two years of full-time study to complete, prepares students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers. The M.Mus. is often required as the minimum teaching credential for university, college, and conservatory instrumental or vocal teaching positions.
The M.Mus.is widely available in performance (sometimes with a specialization in pedagogy and/or literature), composition, and conducting. In 2005, Boston University launched an online Master of Music program in music education, the only online program at this level. M.Mus. degrees are sometimes awarded in music education (as a Master of Music Education). The Master's degree in music theory, musicology, and ethnomusicology is typically the Master of Arts.
M.Mus. students typically complete applied studies, such as lessons or mentoring with a professor, and take courses within their area of specialization. In many M.Mus. programs, all of the different M.Mus. streams (e.g., performance, composition, conducting) take a common core of music theory and music history courses. . Some universities in the UK (e.g. Sheffield University) utilise it as a special research degree.
Some M.Mus. programs require students to pass a comprehensive exam on their area of specialization and on subjects such as music history and music theory. The last stage of the M.Mus. degree is usually the performance of recitals.
Some programs additionally require a sub-specialization in a cognate area within music, such as music history or performance practice, which contributes to their area of specialization. For example, a student doing an M.Mus. in Baroque violin might do a sub-specialization in Baroque music history.
Some institutions permit M.Mus. students to do a sub-specialization in a field outside music that contributes to their professional and academic goals. For example, a student completing a M.Mus. in piano pedagogy may be able to do a sub-specialization in the university's department of psychology.
To be admitted to a M.Mus. degree program, most institutions require a B.Mus. degree or an B.A. degree in music or a related field, usually with a grade average of "B+" or higher. In rare cases, some schools will conditionally admit a gifted student with no Bachelor's degree if they have a highly-respected conservatory diploma (e.g., a virtuoso performer with conservatory diploma from a top European conservatory).
M.Mus. programs in performance usually require an audition that includes advanced pieces from a wide range of styles. Admission to M.Mus. programs in conducting often requires a video recording of a live rehearsals and performances as a pre-screening element. Composition programs usually require the submission of a portfolio of compositions, including scores and recordings of live performances.

Master of Management (MM)

2008-08-20T11:49:00.000-07:00

University College Programs

Master of Management (MM) is a Master's degree designed for students interested in entering business management or who are interested in an alternative to a Master of Business Administration degree.
The Master of Management degree typically prepares students to handle the tasks associated with higher-level management positions. It is also appropriate for those in other disciplines who have been working for a company or organization for a number of years. Topics in this degree program include business-related subjects such as ethical decision making, business law, global business values, workplace security, corporate crime, and employee motivation.
Courses/specialties within the program may include:
Management Orientation
Ethical Decision Making
Business Culture
Corporate Crime
Corporate Communications
Entrepreneurship
Business Law
Human Resource Management
Leadership and Motivation
Workplace Security
Marketing
Public Relations
International Business
Strategic Management
The degree may be offered with a number of concentrations such as communication, human resources, marketing management, organizational dynamics and international management

Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS)

2008-08-20T11:42:00.000-07:00

University College Programs

Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) is the masters degree that is required for most professional librarian positions. The MLIS is a relatively recent degree; an older and still common degree designation for librarians to acquire is the Master of Library Science (MLS), or Master Science in Library Science (MSLS) degree. The MLIS and MLS degrees are widely considered to be equivalent. In some universities, these degrees are denoted as MLISc or MLSc, as in the case of M.S. for MSc. But in most commonwealth universities, both bachelor's program and master's program has been merged to provide MLIS/MLISc degree. Admission to MLIS programs normally requires holding a bachelor's degree in any academic discipline, and library schools encourage applications from people with diverse academic backgrounds.
In the United Kingdom it is more common for a vocational degree in library and information science to bear the standard designation M.A. or M.Sc.
The MLIS or MLS degree is usually acquired from an accredited library school. The American Library Association accredits programs across the U.S. and Canada.
The MLIS/MLS curriculum can vary widely. Typically, both practical and theoretical components are included, often along with a practicum or internship. Course work may entail traditional library topics, such as reference work, cataloging, school libraries, or archiving. There may also be a focus on information science and computer science topics, such as database and website design, as well as information architecture (thus leading to the "I" in MLIS). Other skills taught may include management or pedagogy

Master of Arts in Liberal Studies

2008-08-20T11:34:00.000-07:00

University College Programs

Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (MA, ALM, MLA , MALS) is a graduate degree that aims to provide both depth and breadth of study in the liberal arts. It is by nature an interdisciplinary program, generally pulling together coursework from a number of the humanities and social sciences. Similar graduate degrees are known as Master of Liberal Arts (MLA), Master of Liberal Studies (MLS), Artium Liberalium Magister (ALM), and Doctor of Liberal Studies (DLS or PhD). Characteristics that distinguish these degrees include curricular flexibility and interdisciplinary synthesis via Master's thesis or capstone project. Often these programs offer an option of part-time enrollment to accommodate the life responsibilities of adult students. Like other Master's degree programs, students generally enroll in a master's in liberal studies only after receiving a bachelor's degrees. As of 2005, there are over 130 colleges and universities offering liberal arts master's programs. Admissions criteria vary by institution.
Postgraduate liberal studies originated at Wesleyan University in 1953. Administrators sought to 'break graduate education free' from what they perceived as 'the bonds of overspecialization' then prevalent at colleges and universities throughout the United States and Europe. Initially aimed at professors and teachers, postgraduate liberal studies quickly gained popularity and became a cause célèbre during the progressive education movements of the 1960s. Then as now, Liberal Studies programs tend to draw courses and instructors from across a university's postgraduate curriculum. Students often devise unique courses of study to suit their individual interests. Typically liberal arts graduate programs are designed to counter the trend in modern education toward specialization and toward a career focus, offering instead the opportunity to explore ideas, to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge, and learning for the joy of the intellectual challenge.
Many institutions followed Wesleyan's initiative. Early proponents of graduate liberal studies included Dartmouth College, The Johns Hopkins University, and Georgetown University. Certain colleges and universities, such as Stanford and Northwestern began to offer postgraduate liberal studies courses through their respective continuing education divisions; however, increasingly during the past two decades, institutions have incorporated liberal studies degree programs into traditional postgraduate divisions, (e.g. Columbia University).
In 2005, Georgetown University became the world's first university to offer a doctorate in liberal studies.
The Association of Graduate Liberal Studies Programs supports the work of the many member universities and colleges by holding a national conference each year and by publishing Confluence: The Journal of Graduate Liberal Studies, which features writing by faculty and students of the member institutions.

Master of Studies in Law (M.S.L.)

2008-08-20T11:28:00.000-07:00

Master of Studies in Law (M.S.L.) is a master's degree offered by some law schools to students who wish to study the law but do not want to become attorneys.
The degree has several variants, including a Master of Studies in Law degree (at the University of Toronto and at the University of Pittsburgh), for example, or a Master in the Study of Law (at Ohio State). Georgetown Law will be adding a Masters of Studies in Law (MSL) degree for journalists beginning in 2007-08 academic year. In March 2007 The Ohio Board of Regents approved M.S.L. Degree for the University of Dayton School of Law. Drexel planned to offer a Master of Legal Studies program, but that appears to be on hold as of early 2007. Arizona State University offers a Master of Legal Studies (M.L.S.). The John Marshall Law School in Chicago, and the Albany Law School in New York, both offer M.S. degrees in several concentrations. The Vermont Law School offers The Master of Studies in Environmental Law (M.S.E.L.) degree.
M.S.L. programs typically last one academic year and put students through the same regimen as a first-year J.D. student. M.S.L. students study such staples as constitutional law, torts, contracts, civil procedure, and other requirements alongside regular law students, writing the same papers and taking the same exams. But they graduate after accumulating two semesters of credit instead of six.
M.S.L. programs are usually designed for academics who hold Ph.D.s in a discipline related to the law, and who want to add a legal dimension to scholarship.

LL.B. programmes | Bachelor of Laws

2008-08-20T11:00:00.000-07:00

Structure of LL.B. programmes
Historically, law students studied both civil law and common law. Today, this is much less common. However, a few institutions, such as Cardiff University's Department of Canon (Ecclesiastical) Law and McGill University's and the University of Ottawa's combined programme, continue to offer alternatives to the common law.
Common law countries generally
In most common law countries (with the exception of Canada, the U.S.), the Bachelor of Laws programme is generally entered directly after completion of secondary school, but some universities in Britain also offer the programme as an accelerated (shorter duration), second-entry programme for the LL.B. following completion of a previous undergraduate degree.
in Australia The programme of study for the common law LLB can be either a graduate-entry degree programme requiring a previous bachelors degree or can be undertaken directly after high-school either by itself (the duration of which is usually 4 years) or with another degree (ie. BComm/LLB or BSc/LLB), the duration of which can vary between 4-7 years depending on the specific combination
in Canada has a dual system of laws. In the province of Quebec, a system of civil law is used. At the federal level, as well as in every province or territory except Quebec, a system of common law is used. Because of this, there are two Canadian law degrees generally in use.
The programme of study for the common law LL.B. is graduate-entry degree programme. While the degree awarded is at the first-degree level and admission may be granted to applicants with two or three years of undergraduate studies towards a degree, in practice the programme generally requires completion of a previous undergraduate degree before registration in that programme. In fact, almost all admitted law students hold at least a bachelor level degree, and a significant number hold a graduate level degree as well.
The common law programme is three years in length. Upon graduation, one holds a Bachelor of Laws degree, but cannot yet practice law. In order to practice law, the graduate must obtain a license from the Law Society of the province where he/she wishes to practice law, which also requires a traineeship. (See Becoming a Lawyer below.) Those law graduates wishing to become law professors instead of lawyers often obtain a more advanced academic degree, such as the Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the Doctor of Laws#Canada (LL.D, S.J.D or D.C.L).
The civil law programme in Canada is three years in length. The programme of study for the first degree in Quebec civil law (called LL.B., B.C.L. or LL.L.) is a first-entry degree programme. Like other first-entry university programmes in Quebec it requires a CEGEP diploma for entry. College-University law schools
Alternative titles and formats
Irish B.C.L.
Three of the four universities under the National University of Ireland (NUI) umbrella, award the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law (B.C.L.). These are UCC, UCD and NUIG. Five (three in the republic) Irish universities (Trinity College Dublin; NUIG; The Queen's University of Belfast; the University of Limerick, and the University of Ulster), one English university (Nottingham Trent University) and one Welsh university (University of Wales) award the LL.B. in Ireland as a basic professional degree in law (the latter two are run via local private colleges). NUIG therefore, awards both. It should be noted, though, that Ireland is a common law jurisdiction (in fact there are two common law jurisdictions on the island) and the expression "civil law" is used to differentiate common law from ecclesiastical law in the republic. In the past NUI B.C.L. graduates who went to work in Britain sometimes didn't disabuse people of the casual notion that it was a post-graduate degree, similar to the more famous Oxford B.C.L.
Zimbabwe B.L. and LL.B.
At the University of Zimbabwe, the first degree in common law is the Bachelor of Law (B.L.) which is equivalent to the LL.B. in other common law jurisdictions. It is followed by a one year programme at the university (analogous to post-LL.B. vocational programmes in other common law jurisdictions) at the end of which a second degree, the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.), is awarded.
In Pakistan, a person going for an LL.B. degree should have a bachelor's degree. Most law students choose to obtain a two year bachelor degree before enrolling for an LL.B. degree in a law college. The LL.B. itself is a three year programme. In Punjab, a five year joint B.A./LL.B. degree is being offered by law colleges.
After obtaining an LL.B. degree, a person wishing to practise has to intimate the concerned Bar Council that he is undergoing a six month training period under the supervision of a High Court lawyer with ten year standing. After he completes the pupillage, he will be asked to take a written test and undergo a viva-voce exam.
Variations on the LL.B.
Some universities in the United Kingdom and New Zealand offer variations of this degree, such as the LL.B. (Europe), which generally take four years to complete and include a wider range of topics as well as some degree of specialisation.
Various universities in the United Kingdom and Australia will allow a degree that combines study with a non-law discipline. For example, some universities in the United Kingdom offer a combined study of law and history leading to a B.A. degree that is accepted by the Law Society and Inns of Court as equivalent to an LL.B.
The University of London External Programme in Laws (LL.B.) has been awarding its law degree via distance learning since 1858. The LL.B. awarded by the University of London External Programme is of the same standard and quality irrespective of the mode or manner of learning.
At various universities in the UK such as Oxford, and Cambridge the principal law degree is a B.A., in either Jurisprudence or Law respectively; the B.C.L. and LL.B. are second-entry postgraduate degrees. The University of Cambridge has recently replaced their LL.B. degree with an LL.M.
European Union
European Union law permits European Union citizens with LL.B. degrees from Ireland or the UK, who practise law in one of these countries for three or more years, to practise also in every other member state. The actual procedure to receive the respective national licence is regulated by the member state and therefore differs from country to country, but every EU member has to apply the relevant EU Directives to its own national law.
Recently many universities in Germany have introduced LL.B. degrees as part of the Bologna process.The LL.B. is a three or four year full-time study law degree. Some students pursue the LL.M. after pursuing the LL.B. The LL.B. in Germany covers all classes which are also required for the First State Exam and requires some additional courses as well as an original Bachelor thesis. A credit point system is used for the LL.B. degree. In order to obtain the LL.B. students have to pass different sorts of exams, write an LL.B. thesis and collect more academic credits than needed for the First State Exam. The LL.B. degrees satisfies the educational requirements to sit for the German State Exam (German Bar Exam) and the practice of law. The LL.B. is a cornerstone to the future of law practice in Germany.
In Malta, the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree, offered by the University of Malta, is an undergraduate degree that of itself is not sufficient for admission into any of the legal professions.

Alternative to a law degree in England or Alternative degree route in Scotland
There are also conversion courses available for non-law graduates, available as an alternative to the full-length LL.B. degree course. One such example of a conversion course in England and Wales is the GDL (Graduate Diploma in Law), which takes one year to complete.
In the UK, as well as in other Common Law jurisdictions, the main approach to this, is the so-called Graduate Entry (undergraduate) LL.B. degree, where graduates from another discipline can complete the LL.B. in two years, although this may occasionally require taking qualifying law courses within the first degree to meet professional requirements in full. Therefore it is not entirely correct to regard it as an 'accelerated' degree.
This 'double degree' system was, at one time, an alternative route to the former B.L. degree (now obsolete) but students were required to have independent means to complete the second degree. The current Scots LL.B. degree, a direct-entry undergraduate degree, meets all professional requirements when coupled with the Diploma in Legal Practice. The Diploma was introduced circa 1980; prior to this, all professional exams were taken within the degree itself (or as part of an earlier non-law degree), limiting the scope for academic study.

Bachelor of Laws

2008-08-20T10:09:00.000-07:00

University College Programs & study at law schools

Bachelor of Laws (abbreviated LL.B., LLB , Ll.B.) is an undergraduate, or bachelor, degree in law offered in most common law countries as the primary law degree and which originated in England. It was established as a liberal arts degree, which requires that the student undertake a certain amount of study of the classics, but has developed into a more specialized professional degree in recent years. Nonetheless, the goals of most LL.B. programs are to provide a scholarly education, and therefore jurisdictions which offer the LL.B. require additional education or training before a graduate is authorized to practice law. In Australia and Canada it is sometimes referred to as a post-graduate degree because in those countries a previous college degree is sometimes required for admission. The "LL." of the abbreviation for the degree is from the genitive plural legum (of lex, legis f., law), thus "LL.B." stands for Legum Baccalaureus in Latin. In the United States it was sometimes erroneously called "Bachelor of Legal Letters" to account for the double "L" (and therefore sometimes abbreviated as "L.L.B.").
The USA is the only common law country that does not offer the LL.B., at all. Since the late-nineteenth century universities the United States awarded the professional doctorate J.D., which became the required degree for the practice of law in the U.S. in the 1970s. Many law schools in Canada and Australia are in the process of implementing J.D. degrees, although they differ from that in the U.S.
Historically, in Canada, Bachelor of Laws was the name of the first degree in common law, but is also the name of the first degree in Quebec civil law awarded by a number of Quebec universities. All Canadian common-law LL.B. programs are second-entry professional degrees, meaning that the majority of those admitted to an LL.B. programme are already holders of one or more degrees, or, at a minimum, have completed two years of study in a first-entry, undergraduate degree in another discipline.
Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the first degree in Scots law and South African law (both being pluralistic legal systems that are based partly on common law and partly on civil law) awarded by a number of universities in Scotland and South Africa, respectively.

LLM law schools

2008-08-20T09:55:00.000-07:00

Study University College Programs law schools

In Australia, the LLM is open to law graduates. However, while the majority who enroll are legal practitioners, this is not a pre-requisite for entry. The shortage of graduate program/articles places has resulted in some LLB graduates proceeding directly to an LLM course prior to seeking graduate employment.
In the United Kingdom, an LLM programme is open to those holding a recognised legal qualification, generally an undergraduate degree in Laws or a CPE. They do not have to be or intend to be legal practitioners. An LLM is not always a sufficient qualification in itself to practice as a solicitor or barrister but is an opportunity to gain specialist knowledge of a particular area of law and/or an understanding of the legal systems of other nations. As with other degrees, an LLM can be studied on a part-time basis at many institutions and in some circumstances by distance learning.
In India, the thrust of legal education is on the undergraduate law degrees with most of those opting for the undergraduate law degree either going forward to enroll themselves with the Bar Council of India and start practicing as Advocates or giving legal advice without being eligible to appear in courts (a consequence of non-enrollment). Similar to the United Kingdom, a Masters degree in Law in India is basically opted by those looking forward to either join the academia and teaching profession or to specialize in particular areas of law. Traditionally the most popular areas of specialization in these Masters degrees in law in India have been constitutional law, family law and taxation law. However with the established of specialized law Universities in India since 1987, much emphasis is being given at the Masters level of legal education in India. With the establishment of these universities, focus in specialization has been shifted to newer areas such as intellectual property law, international trade law etc.
In the USA, the LL.M. is a "master's" degree for persons who are already lawyers. Historically, the J.D. ("juris doctor") has been seen, and is in most cases, the only professional degree needed for those who wish to "practice" within the law; the LL.M. is seen as an advanced degree which while being more oriented towards academia, is increasingly becoming a useful tool in the specialized legal profession.
Internationally, the LL.M. from selected law schools in the United States can have high status. However, since no U.S. state requires an LL.M. to practice law in any area, well over 98% of U.S. lawyers, including those that practice in areas of taxation and international law, do not have LL.M. degrees.

Master of Laws study

2008-08-20T09:35:00.000-07:00

University College Law Programs
The Master of Laws is an advanced academic degree, or research degree, and is commonly abbreviated LL.M. (also LLM or LL.M) The LL.M. degree is a course of specialized research pursued after earning a first degree in law (such as a LL.B., B.C.L. or J.D.)
In order to become a lawyer and practice law in most states and countries, a person must first obtain a first law degree. While in most common law countries a Bachelor of Laws (or LL.B.) is required, the U.S. requires a graduate Juris Doctor degree to practice law.
If a person wishes to gain specialized knowledge through research in a particular area of law, he or she can continue his or her studies after an LL.B or J.D. in an LL.M. program. The word legum is the genitive plural form of the Latin word lex, which means "of the law". When used in the plural, it signifies a specific body of laws, as opposed to the general collective concept embodied in the word jus, from which the words "juris" and "justice" derive.
The highest research degree in law is the S.J.D. (or J.S.D., depending on the institution), and it is equivalent to the Doctorate of Philosophy in Law (PhD or DPhil depending on the law school in UK) or the Doktor in Rechtswissenschaft (Dr.iur.) in Germany. There are also variant doctoral degrees, such as the D.C.L. (Doctor of Civil Law) degree bestowed by McGill University in Montreal. Most schools require an LLM before admission to a SJD or a PhD in law degree program. Like the PhD, the SJD degree generally requires a dissertation that is graded (often by two graders), orally defended (by an exam known as Viva) and then often published as a book or series of articles.
"Doctor of Laws" (LL.D.) degree in the United States of America is usually a 'honorary' degree. The real research doctorate in the field of law in the United States of America is called "Doctor of Juridical Science" or in its latin expression-"Scientiae Juridicae Doctor" (S.J.D.), which is the most advanced degree in the field of law in the United States of America and equivalent to a Ph.D. in other field.

Master of International Business

2008-08-19T14:59:00.000-07:00

University College Programs
Master of International Business is an academic degree program that has rapidly gained popularity since the year 2000. Due to the infant nature of the program it is not widely known, but has been considered by some to be the 'new MBA' as a result of the tendency towards globalization. Currently the degree is offered by a number of universities globally and has been established by some for-profit universities in the USA.
In some universities the degree is offered as an accelerated program (taking less than two full-time years to complete) or as a degree program for working professionals. It is evident that some institutions are offering the degree in similar structure to the MBA where, a typical subject scheme is undertaken in one of two ways. One structure involves undertaking two classes per six to ten week terms and completing eight terms (usually a total of 16 classes). The other structure follows the more traditional full-time semester basis where the student completes four classes per semester over the course of two to three semesters (usually between eight to ten classes). Some refer to the first option as a horizontal structure designed to provide samples of numerous subject topics, whereas the latter is a vertical structure in that the subjects covered reach a greater depth.
The aim of the program is to educate on the interdisciplinary principles of business management as they apply to business in an international context. Of particular emphasis is the development of understanding the diversities and common challenges that people do not ordinarily face in a domestic business setting. These include human resource management, international economics and trade, financial management and marketing. The degree is particularly suited to professionals working in companies which operate in the global arena or for those individuals wishing to pursue this type of career.

Master of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

2008-08-19T14:48:00.000-07:00

University College Programs
Master of Innovation and Entrepreneurship is a master's degree in business, with focus on innovation - the process of making improvements by introducing something new, and entrepreneurship - the process of starting new ventures.
The emphasis is on understanding every aspect of innovation processes, and how the different disciplines in business interact with each other and innovation processes. Entrepreneurship also plays an integral role, as many new innovations spawn into new business opportunities
The MSc in Innovation and Entrepreneurship is usually made up of two elements, some form of business foundation, and the specialized courses in innovation and entrepreneurship.
Foundation
The common courses offers a general insight into how businesses operate, as well as a historical perspective on modern business and the economy. Areas covered often include:
Finance and business economics
Research methodology and statistics
Business and economic history
Specialization
The innovation and entrepreneurship specific courses offers deeps insights into many aspects of the innovation process, and how to create and finance new ventures. Areas covered may include:
Strategy
Technology
Innovation in different contexts - theoretical, corporate, international, business sectors
New venture creation (entrepreneurship) and financing
Intellectual property rights
Product development .
Schools/University/College offering MSc in Innovation and Entrepreneurship programs
Norwegian School of Management
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
University of Oslo
Chalmers University of Technology
Adolfo Ibáñez University

Newcastle University

Master of Arts

2008-08-19T14:40:00.000-07:00

University-college-Programs
Master of Arts / Master of Arts in History
The Magister Artium, Magister in Artibus, or Master of Arts degree is an academic degree of medieval origin which has later acquired different characteristics in different educational systems. It may refer more specifically to:
Master of Arts (postgraduate), a master's degree in North America, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, India, and some European countries
Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin), a degree from the University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge, or the University of Dublin (Trinity College), conferred after an interval on holders of the Bachelor of Arts with Honours degree (and certain others) without further study
Master of Arts (Scotland), an undergraduate degree from the ancient universities of Scotland and the University of Dundee

Master of Health Science (MHS)

2008-08-19T14:34:00.000-07:00

university College Programs
Master of Health Science (MHS) degree is a specialized master’s degree. Depending on the department and specific area of study, the MHS degree provides opportunities for advanced study and research (academic MHS programs) or prepares individuals to begin or advance their careers as public health professionals (professional MHS programs). They offer an alternative to the Master of Public Health (MPH) degree for students desiring more focused skills and for less experienced students.

Master of Science in Finance (MSF)

2008-08-19T14:19:00.000-07:00

university -College Finance Programs :
Master of Science in Finance (MSF) is a Master's degree designed to prepare graduates for careers in financial analysis, investment management and corporate finance. The MSF is generally a one-year, non-thesis degree, and is often positioned as a professional degree.
In the typical MSF, the core curriculum is focused on investment analysis, corporate finance and financial management / managerial accounting. These core topics are preceded by more fundamental coursework in economics, accounting, and quantitative methods (time value of money and introductory statistics) - if these are not a prerequisite for admission, or assumed as known; students with appropriate background may be exempt from (several of) these. The MSF usually concludes with advanced topics - where several areas are integrated or applied - such as portfolio management, financial modeling, mergers and acquisitions and real options. In general, MSF programs emphasize quantitative topics, although may also offer some non-quantitative elective coursework, such as corporate governance, business ethics and business strategy.
The MSF curriculum may also include financial economics and financial risk management as advanced topics (and sometimes managerial economics and quantitative finance / computational finance). Here, the exposure will likely be limited to the generalist level; these areas are usually studied as disciplines in their own right, via specialized degrees in economics and applied mathematics. These branches of economics are usually taught to strengthen the theoretical underpin of the degree - however, since the emphasis on MSF programs is application, they are not developed. The computational topics, although practical, are too technical for a generalist MSF.

Programs usually require a bachelor's degree prior to admission, but many do not require that the undergraduate major be in finance, economics, or even general business; the usual requirement is a sufficient level of numeracy - often including some exposure to calculus and / or probability. Some programes may require work experience (sometimes at the managerial level), particularly if the candidate lacks a relevant undergraduate degree.

Master of Engineering (M.Eng / MEng)

2008-08-19T14:02:00.000-07:00

A Master of Engineering, often abbreviated M.Eng (or MEng), can be either an academic or professional master's degree in the field of engineering.
In Australia, the Master of Engineering degree is a research degree requiring completion of a thesis. Like the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.), it is considered a lesser degree than Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). It is not to be confused with Master of Engineering Science or Master of Engineering Studies which are coursework master's degrees. An exception is Monash University which awards a Master of Engineering Science by either research or coursework.
In Canada, the Master of Engineering degree is a graduate degree of typically two years length that involves coursework and a thesis or research paper of significant depth. Some Canadian universities offer a Master of Engineering or Master of Applied Science in engineering or both.
In Germany, the local engineer's degree (Diplomingenieur, a first degree after 5 years of study) will be abolished by 2010, and will be replaced by postgraduate master's degrees (M.Sc. and M.Eng).
in India A postgraduate program in engineering or technology generally leads to either the Master of Engineering (M.E) or Master of Technology (M.Tech.) degree, and is used to specialize within an engineering branch or field. In electrical engineering, for example, areas of specialization might include: power systems, electrical machines, instrumentation and control, high voltage or power electronics.
In South Korea, the master of engineering, which takes a minimum of two years, is a postgraduate program that follows the undergraduate of four years. It is commonly awarded for specializations in the field of engineering rather than the science.
In the USA, the Master of Engineering degree is generally a professional degree offered as a coursework-based alternative to the traditional research-based Master of Science. It is typically a two-year program, and many universities allow students to choose between the Master of Engineering and the Master of Science.
In the UK, the M.Eng is an undergraduate award, available after pursuing a four or five year course of study. These are taught courses, with only a small research element in the third and/or final year, and are not available as postgraduate qualifications in most cases. Most British universities offer both the traditional three or four year courses in engineering, leading to a B.Sc. or B.Eng, and a M.Eng respectively.

Master of Commerce (MComm / M. Comm)

2008-08-19T13:05:00.000-07:00

College - University

Master of Commerce (MComm/M. Comm) is a postgraduate Masters Degree focusing on economics, accounting, marketing, management, and other commerce related subjects. Like the undergraduate Bachelor of Commerce, the degree is predominately offered in commonwealth nations such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. A Master of Commerce typically requires only one year of full time study. Programs usually include a thesis component, with some programs being exclusively thesis based. The degree places more emphasis on theory and business principles than similar graduate degrees such as the MBA or MSF, and therefore, usually requires concentration in one subject area.
Admission is usually on the basis of an existing Bachelor's (or similar compatible) degree, generally the Bachelor of Commerce. Some programs admit students with non-business undergraduate backgrounds such as liberal arts, engineering, or degrees in other sciences. A Master of Commerce allows students to capitalize on their existing strengths and backgrounds while developing business acumen.
Post Graduation
Graduates of a Master of Commerce program will be able to find employment opportunities in the areas of financial services, funds management, marketing, program management, and business consulting. Based on specialisation:
Project Manager (IT), Business Analyst, Business Systems Planner, Systems Manager, State Public Servant, Purchasing Officer, Share Clerk, Accountant, Software Designer, Taxation Consultant/ Agent, Management Consultant, Merchant Banker, Public Servant, Database Administrator, Information Systems Manager, Sales Manager, Superannuation Fund Administrator, Systems Accountant, Systems Analyst, Stockbroker's Clerk, Auctioneer, Auditor, Finance Manager/Planner, Insurance Broker, Investment Analyst, Securities Clerk, Sharebroker, Software Consultant, Stockbroker, Systems Administrator, Budget Accountant, Financial Dealer and Broker, Financial Market Dealer, Investment Adviser.
The Master of Commerce includes a research component and thus provides access to a doctorate; progressing from the Master of Commerce, a student can pursue a Doctor of Commerce (DCom), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), or a Doctor of Philosophy (Phd) degree program.

College - University Master of Commerce :
The University of Virginia's McIntire School of Commerce :
The Danish Institute for Study Abroad at the University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology's School of Business and Management
Peking University's Guanghua School of Management (Beijing, China).

Master of Chemistry ( MChem)

2008-08-19T12:58:00.000-07:00

find the college - University

A Master of Chemistry ( MChem) degree is a specific master's degree for courses in the field of Chemistry.
United Kingdom (UK)
In the UK, the MChem degree is an undergraduate award, available after pursuing a four year course of study at a university. It is classed as a level 7 qualification in the National Qualifications Framework.
In Scotland the MChem degree is a 5 year course.
Structure
In terms of course structure, MChem degrees have the same content that is usually seen in other degree programmes, i.e. lectures, laboratory work, coursework and exams each year. Also there are usually one or more substantial projects undertaken in the fourth-year, which may well have research elements. At the end of the second or third years, there is usually a threshold of academic performance in examinations to be reached to allow progression into the final year. Final results are awarded on the standard British undergraduate degree classification scale.

Master of Business Informatics (MBI)

2008-08-19T12:48:00.000-07:00

find the college - University

Master of Business Informatics (MBI) is a postgraduate degree in Business Informatics (BI). BI programs combine information technology (IT) and management courses and are common in central Europe. The first master programs in Business Informatics were offered by the University of Rostock, as a face-to-face program, and by the Virtual Global University (VGU) together with the European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) as an online program (see virtual education). An MBI programme, which includes inter-cultural studies impacting on business operations in European markets, was first offered by Dublin City University. Within the Bologna process, many Central European universities have been, or are in the process of, setting up master programmes in Business Informatics. Due to legal frameworks and restrictions, however, most of these programs are forced to award an M.Sc. degree instead of an MBI
A typical (Example) MBI program is the VGU's "International Master of Business Informatics" program in Germany. Since this program was set up and accredited in accordance with nation-wide guidelines for content and structure, it reflects well the state-of-the-art of Business Informatics master programs. If studied fulltime, the MBI program is a four-semester program and can be composed of courses from the following areas of study
Typical areas of study
Basic Technology:
Courses may include topics like applied computer science, computer networks and internet technology, website engineering, programming, or information security.
Business Informatics Methods:
Courses may focus on information systems development, database management, information systems architectures, business intelligence, or business process modelling.
Management:
Management oriented topics may be studied in courses on management information systems, information management, management control, knowledge management, management and organization of IT departments, or software engineering management.
Applications:
Important application domains of Business Informatics may be investigated in courses like enterprise resource planning, e-commerce and e-business networking, industrial information systems, or electronic finance/electronic banking.

Master of Business Informatics programs at :
Business Informatics at Utrecht University
Master of Business Informatics at Northern Kentucky University
Virtual Global University
Business Informatics Challenge at Dublin City University

Master of Business and Engineering (MBE)

2008-08-19T12:30:00.000-07:00

find the college - University

Master of Business and Engineering (MBE) is a master's degree in business and engineering, which attracts people from a wide range of academic disciplines. The Master of Business and Engineering program is designed for university graduates who have achieved at the highest level in an engineering, business or scientific Bachelor degree. Structured around a dual education system, the MBE combines Masters level academic studies with practical work experience on a results-driven project, carried out on behalf of sponsoring organisations. As such, this unique program facilitates the integrated transfer of knowledge between industry and academia, while giving organisations the opportunity to trial top level management trainees and benefit directly from the implementation of the processes and systems they develop.
Program Structure
Organizations are invited to sponsor postgraduate students for the Master of Business and Engineering program; meeting the costs of tuition fees in return for utilizing the students’ expertise in a project management role. The degree structure comprises 17 weeks of on-campus academic study and 28 weeks of full-time project work.
Academic Component
The flexible structure of the MBE allows students with a business-based undergraduate degree to develop foundational engineering and science skills, while students with an engineering or science-focussed undergraduate degree can enhance their management skills.
The core subjects are therefore divided into:
- Business subjects for engineering and science graduates; or
- Engineering subjects for business and commerce graduates.
Additional elective streams are chosen from:
- Business management subjects; or
- Information technology subjects.
MBE Programs
MBE Program - Steinbeis Career Center at Steinbeis University Berlin
MBE Program - Steinbeis University Berlin

MBA programs

2008-08-19T12:11:00.000-07:00

Find the college & University for best MBA programs

type the MBA programs

Two year MBA programs normally take place over two academic years (i.e. approximately 18 months of term time), in the Northern Hemisphere beginning in late August/September of year one and continuing until May of year two, with a three to four month summer break in between years one and two. Students enter with a reasonable amount of prior real-world work experience and take classes during weekdays like other university students.
Accelerated MBA programs are a variation of the two year programs. They involve a higher course load with more intense class and examination schedules. They usually have less "down time" during the program and between semesters. For example, there is no three to four month summer break, and between semesters there might be seven to ten days off rather than three to five weeks vacation.
Part-time MBA programs normally hold classes on weekday evenings, after normal working hours. Part-time programs normally last three years or more. The students in these programs typically consist of working professionals, who take a light course load for a longer period of time until the graduation requirements are met.
Executive MBA (EMBA) programs developed to meet the educational needs of managers and executives, allowing students to earn an MBA or another business-related graduate degree in two years or less while working full time. Participants come from every type and size of organization – profit, nonprofit, government, representing a variety of industries. EMBA students typically have a higher level of work experience, often 10 years or more, compared to other MBA students. In response to the increasing number of EMBA programs offered, The Executive MBA Council was formed in 1981 to advance executive education.
Distance learning MBA programs hold classes off-campus. These programs can be offered in a number of different formats: correspondence courses by postal mail or email, non-interactive broadcast video, pre-recorded video, live teleconference or videoconference, offline or online computer courses. Many respectable schools offer these programs; however, so do many diploma mills. Potential students should check the school's accreditation before undertaking distance learning coursework.
Dual MBA programs combine MBA degree with others (such as an MS or a J.D., etc) to let students cut costs (dual programs usually cost less than pursuing 2 degrees separately), save time on education and to tailor the business education courses to their needs. Some business schools offer programs in which students can earn both a bachelor's degree in business administration and an MBA in four or five years.

Master of Business Administration

2008-08-19T12:05:00.000-07:00

MBA degree find best Business Schools Programs find the college - University.
The Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a master's degree in business administration, which attracts people from a wide range of academic disciplines. The MBA designation originated in the United States, emerging from the late 19th century as the country industrialized and companies sought out scientific approaches to management. The MBA degree has since achieved worldwide recognition.
Accreditation bodies exist specifically for MBA programs to ensure consistency and quality of graduate business education, and business schools in many countries offer MBA programs tailored to full-time, part-time, executive, and distance learning students, with specialized concentrations.
The first American business school, Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, was established in 1881. The Tuck School of Business, part of Dartmouth College, was the first graduate school of management in the United States. Founded in 1900, it was the first institution conferring advanced degrees (masters) in the commercial sciences, the forebearer of the modern MBA. The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business first offered working professionals the Executive MBA (EMBA) program in 1940, and this type of program is now offered by most business schools today.
In 1950 the first MBA degrees were awarded outside the United States by the University of Western Ontario in Canada, followed in 1951 with the degree awarded by the University of Pretoria in South Africa. The Institute of Business Administration, Karachi in Pakistan was established in 1955 as the first Asian business school by the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. In 1957, INSEAD became the first European business school to offer an MBA program.

Master of Arts in Teaching

2008-08-19T11:58:00.000-07:00

Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) degree is generally a pre-service degree that usually requires a minimum of 30 semester hours beyond the Bachelor's degree. While the program often requires education classes in order to meet state licensure requirements, it emphasizes advanced course work in a specific academic discipline to enhance one's knowledge in that subject area. Candidates usually spend a semester as a student teacher in order to earn the degree. There are two general models that (MAT) degrees follow: a 5th year model in which students spend one year extra beyond their bachelor’s degree to earn a masters degree and an initial teaching license; and a Flex program which usually offers part time weekend and evening courses to accommodate professionals who are changing careers. The Master’s of Arts in Teaching degree is often advantageous to middle school and secondary school teachers because it allows them to focus on subject area knowledge in their undergraduate program and then acquire pedagogical skills in their graduate studies. It differs from the Masters in Education (MEd) degree which is usually geared toward practicing teachers, or toward those who desire to serve as counselors (school or otherwise) or as educational administrators.

Bachelor of Architecture

2008-08-19T11:45:00.000-07:00

Architecture and find the college - University

Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) is an undergraduate academic degree designed to satisfy the academic component of professional accreditation bodies, to be followed by a period of practical training prior to professional examination and registration. It is awarded for a course of study that lasts up to five years. In some cases, a B.Arch can only be undertaken after having completed a three-year generalist architectural degree, in which case, it may be as short as two years. Many architecture schools using this bi-partite structure have re-badged their B.Arch programs as M.Arch degrees.
Australia
Architectural education in Australia varies depending on the university offering the course. At some, such as the University of New South Wales and RMIT University, architecture is a 5-year B.Arch degree with at least 6 months practice experience. At other universities it is a 3-year Bachelor degree in Architecture, a year of practice experience followed by a 2-year M.Arch.
UK
Architectural education differs slightly in the United Kingdom. A five year course used to exist in a similar fashion to the United States, but the 1960s saw the introduction of the Sandwich course and a split of the Barch into a 3 year BA degree (or in some cases BSc) followed by a year working in practice, after which a 2 year B.Arch is completed.
United States of America (USA)
The Bachelor of Architecture is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) as a professional degree, allowing the recipient to qualify for the Architect Registration Examination (ARE).
There are also universities that offer a four-year degree such as a Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies (B.S.Arch) or a Bachelor of Art in Architectural Studies (B.A.Arch). These are non-accredited, pre-professional degrees, and so these students must enroll in a Masters degree (M.Arch) program to be professionally-licensed. However, enrolling in a pre-professional program often gets a student into a shorter M.Arch program. Any architecturaly related curriculum can eventually make licensure possible.

Master of Architecture

2008-08-19T11:37:00.000-07:00

Study Architecture and find the college - University
Master of Architecture
The Master of Architecture (M.Arch.) degree is the title denoting a collection of two different levels of a Master's degree in Architecture. Many schools offer both tracks and they range from 1 to 5 years, usually called M.Arch I and M.Arch II).
M.Arch I is a first professional degree available to students who have already earned a 4 year undergraduate degree. Program length for those with a pre-professional degree in architecture (BA, BS, etc. in architecture) is, typically, 2 years in length, while those with an undergraduate degree in another discipline study for 3 years. Those with a pre-professional architecture degree may enter with advanced standing into the 3-year Master of Architecture program, but it is not guaranteed and depends on the institution. Some 5-year M.Arch I programs exist offering the accredited professional degree as a graduate degree (without having to receive a degree in another discipline). An example would be the University of Detroit Mercy.
M.Arch II is a post-professional degree involving between a year and two years (depending on which school) of intensive focused work for students that already have a 5-year Bachelor's of Architecture degree.
The above degree tracks allow students to pursue the same standards in a masters program but with differing undergraduate backgrounds. The process of earning a M. Arch I or M. Arch. II leads to a graduate with similar knowledge and experiences. When students graduate with a Master of Architecture in either of the above tracks the degree on the diploma only states "Master of Architecture" without regard to the track taken by the student.
Graduate-level architecture programs consist of course work in design, building science, structural engineering, architectural history, theory, professional practice, and elective courses. For those without any prior knowledge of the field, coursework in calculus, physics, computers, statics and strengths of materials, architectural history, studio, and building science is usually required. Some architecture programs allow students to specialize in a specific aspect of architecture, such as architectural technologies or digital media. A thesis or final project is usually required to graduate.
An architectural thesis is the culmination of a student’s research. Submission of the thesis represents the completion of the final requirement for the degree and may be presented as graphic representations, a written work, or physical forms. According to Groat and Wang, Architectural Research Methods, the scope of the research inquiry must not be too broad or too narrow. A good topic will clearly and simply identify a body of literature to which the topical question can be referred. Additionally, a thesis question must have significance to not only the student, but his or her peers, and to the field of architecture.
In the United States, Master of Architecture degrees may be accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) as professional degrees, allowing the recipient to qualify for the Architect Registration Examination (ARE), after three years of experience working in an architect's office. First time students matriculating with a 5-year Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) degree can also qualify for registration. Some programs offer a concurrent learning model, allowing students the opportunity to work in the profession while they are earning their degree, so that they can test for licensure immediately upon graduation.
In Canada, Master of Architecture degrees may be accredited by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB), allowing the recipient to qualify for both the ARE and the Examination for Architects in Canada (ExAC).
As of March 2006, there were eighty-four accredited Master of Architecture programs in the United States, including Puerto Rico. In Canada, there were ten accredited programs.

Master of Accountancy

2008-08-19T11:29:00.000-07:00

Study accountancy

Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, or MAcy), alternatively Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy or MPA) or Master of Science in Accountancy (MSAcy), is a graduate professional degree designed to prepare students for public accounting and to provide them with the 150 credit hours required by most states before taking the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam. Some graduates entering corporate accounting or consulting may pursue the Certified Management Accountant (CMA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) or other certifications by passing a series of exams administered by professional organizations.
This speciality program usually runs one year in length and contains from ten to twelve three semester credit courses (30 to 36 semester hours total). The program may consist of all graduate accounting courses or a combination of graduate accounting courses, graduate tax courses and other graduate business electives. Notable Universities with highly ranked Masters programs in Accounting include Brigham Young University, University of Texas, University of Southern California, and Vanderbilt University.
The Master of Accountancy (MSA) program is designed to not only prepares students for the US CPA examination but to provides a strong knowledge of accounting principles and business applications.
Master of Professional Accounting can also be done from Australian universities to qualify for Australian CPA.

Master's degree

2008-08-19T11:17:00.000-07:00

Master's degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded after the completion of an academic program of one to six years in duration.
In the recently standardized European system of higher education diplomas, it corresponds to a one to two year (60 to 120 ECTS credits) postgraduate program undertaken after at least three years of undergraduate studies. It provides higher qualification for employment or prepares for doctoral studies. In the USA and Canada, a master's degree entails a one- or two–year program of study in which students would normally enroll after completing a bachelor's degree.
However, in some European countries, a magister is a first degree and may be considered equivalent to a modern (standardized) master's degree (e.g., the German university Diplom/Magister, or the similar 5-year diploma awarded in several subjects in Greek, Spanish, Italian, and other universities and polytechnics). In the Francophone countries, a DEA is the postgraduate degree and considered equivalent to the master's degree (e.g, In France, the French-Speaking Switzerland and Belgium a DEA is 1-2 years degree taken after the License), after the application of Bologna process the DEA had been given a new name: MAS (Master of Advanced Studies).
The master of arts (magister artium), master of science (magister scientiæ) and Master of Science in Law degrees are the basic degree types in most subjects, and they may be course-based, research-based, or (more typically) a mixture of the two. A dissertation may or may not be required, depending on the program. There are also degrees of the same level, such as engineer's degrees, which have different names for historical reasons.
Admission to a master's program normally requires holding a bachelor's degree (in the UK & Canada an 'honours' bachelor degree), although relevant work experience may qualify a candidate. Progressing to a doctoral program sometimes requires that the candidate first earn a master's degree. In some fields or postgraduate programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelor's degree, but the master's may be earned along the way, as a result of the successful completion of coursework and certain examinations. In some cases the student's bachelor's degree must be in the same subject as the intended master's degree, or in a closely allied discipline; in others, the subject of the bachelor's degree is unimportant.

In some languages, a master's degree is called a magister, which is Latin for master (teacher), and magister or a cognate can also be used for a person who has the degree. Some universities use the Latin degree names, and because of the flexibility of word order in Latin, artium magister (A.M.) or scientiæ magister (S.M.) may be used; Harvard University and the University of Chicago for instance, use A.M. and S.M. for their master's degrees and MIT uses S.M. for its master of science degrees. Master of Science often is abbreviated MS in the USA and MSc or M.Sc. in Commonwealth nations and Europe.

Grad in UK

2008-08-19T11:09:00.000-07:00

United Kingdom
Admission
Admission to undertake a research degree in the UK typically requires a good bachelor's degree (at least lower second, but usually an upper second or first class). Students may or may not already have a Master's degree. Doctoral candidates are initially admitted to a Masters in Research Philosophy (M.Phil. or MRes), then later accede to a Ph.D. if they progress well.
Funding
Funding for postgraduate study in the UK is awarded competitively, and usually is disseminated by institution (in the form of a certain allocation of studentships for a given year) rather than directly to individuals. There are a number of scholarships for Master's courses, but these are relatively rare and dependent on the course and class of undergraduate degree obtained (usually requiring at least a lower second). Most Master's students are self-funded.
Funding is available for some Ph.D. courses. As at the Master's level, there is more funding available to those in the sciences than in other disciplines. Such funding generally comes from Research Councils such as the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), Medical Research Council (MRC) and others.
For overseas students, most major funding applications are due as early as twelve months or more before the intended graduate course will begin. This funding is also often highly competitive. The most widely available, and thus important, award for overseas students is the Overseas Research Student Award, which pays the difference in university fees between an overseas student and a British or EU resident. However, a student can only apply for the ORS for one university, often before he or she knows whether they have been accepted.
Students studying part-time for a Master's degree can apply for income-based Jobseeker's Allowance provided their timetabled hours are less than 16 hours per week. Full-time students (of any type) are not normally eligible for state benefits, including during vacation time.

Study in canada (graduate)

2008-08-19T10:58:00.000-07:00

Funding
Graduate students may take out student loans, but instead they often work as teaching or research assistants. Students often agree, as a condition of acceptance to a programme, not to devote more than twelve hours per week to work or outside interests.
Funding is available to first-year masters students whose transcripts reflect exceptionally high grades; this funding is normally given in the second year.
Funding for Ph.D. students comes from a variety of sources, and many universities waive tuition fees for doctoral candidates.
Funding is available in the form of scholarships, bursaries and other awards, both private and public.
Requirements for completion
Both master's and doctoral programs may be done by coursework or research or a combination of the two, depending on the subject and faculty. Most faculties require both, with the emphasis on research, and with coursework being directly related to the field of research.
Master's candidates undertaking research are typically required to complete a thesis comprising some original research and ranging from seventy to two-hundred pages. Some fields may require candidates to study at least one foreign language if they have not already earned sufficient foreign-language credits. Some faculties require candidates to defend their thesis, but many do not. Those that do not often have a requirement of taking two additional courses, minimum, in lieu of preparing a thesis.
Ph.D. candidates undertaking research must typically complete a thesis, or dissertation, consisting of original research representing a significant contribution to their field, and ranging from two-hundred to five-hundred pages. Most Ph.D. candidates will be required to sit comprehensive examinations—examinations testing general knowledge in their field of specialization, in their second or third year as a prerequisite to continuing their studies, and must defend their thesis as a final requirement. Some faculties require candidates to earn sufficient credits in a third or fourth foreign language; for example, most candidates in modern Japanese topics must demonstrate ability in English, Japanese, and Mandarin, while candidates in pre-modern Japanese topics must demonstrate ability in English, Japanese, Classical Chinese, and Classical Japanese.
At English-speaking Canadian universities, both master's and Ph.D. theses may be presented in English or in the language of the subject (German for German literature, for example), but if this is the case an extensive abstract must be also presented in English. In exceptional circumstances, a thesis may be presented in French.
French-speaking universities have varying sets of rules; some will accept students with little knowledge of French if they can communicate with their supervisors (usually in English).

Grad in Canada

2008-08-19T10:44:00.000-07:00

Canada (Admission)
Admission to a master's program generally requires a bachelor's degree in a related field, with sufficiently high grades usually ranging from B+ and higher (note that different schools have different letter grade conventions, and this requirement may be significantly higher in some faculties), and recommendations from professors. Some schools require samples of the student's writing as well as a research proposal. At English-speaking universities, applicants from countries where English is not the primary language are required to submit scores from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).
Admission to a doctoral program typically requires a master's degree in a related field, sufficiently high grades, recommendations, samples of writing, a research proposal, and typically an interview with a prospective supervisor. Requirements are often set higher than those for a master's program. In exceptional cases, a student holding an honours BA with sufficiently high grades and proven writing and research abilities may be admitted directly to a Ph.D. program without the requirement to first complete a master's. Many Canadian graduate programs allow students who start in a master's to "reclassify" into a Ph.D. program after satisfactory performance in the first year, bypassing the master's degree.
Graduate students must usually declare their research goal or submit a research proposal upon entering grad school; in the case of master's degrees, there will be some flexibility (that is, one is not held to one's research proposal, although major changes, for example from premodern to modern history, are discouraged). In the case of Ph.D.s, the research direction is usually known as it will typically follow the direction of the master's research.
Master's degrees can typically be completed in one year but normally take at least two; they typically may not exceed five years. Doctoral degrees require a minimum of two years but frequently take much longer, not usually exceeding six years.

Grad in Australia (higher education)

2008-08-19T10:37:00.000-07:00

Funding
The Australian government usually offer full funding (fees and a monthly stipend) to its citizens and permanent residents who are pursuing research-based higher degrees. There are also highly competitive scholarships for international candidates who intend to pursue research-based programmes. Taught-degree scholarships (certain masters' degrees, Grad. Dip., Grad. Cert., D.Eng., D.B.A.) are almost non-existent for international students, so they are usually required to be self-funded.
Requirements for completion
Requirements for the successful completion of a taught master's programme are that the student pass all the required modules. Some universities require eight taught modules for a one-year programme, twelve modules for a one-and-a-half-year programme, and twelve taught modules plus a thesis or dissertation for a two-year programme. The academic year for an Australian postgraduate programme is typically two semesters (eight months of study).
Requirements for research-based programmes vary among universities. Generally, however, a student is not required to take taught modules as part of their candidacy. It is now common that first-year Ph.D. candidates are not regarded as permanent Ph.D. students for fear that they may not be sufficiently prepared to undertake independent research. In such cases, an alternative degree will be awarded for their previous work, usually an M.Phil. or M.Sc. by research.

Professional programs in Australia

2008-08-19T10:30:00.000-07:00

There are many professional programs such as medical and dental school require a previous bachelors for admission and are considered graduate or Graduate Entry programs even though they culminate in a bachelors degree. Example, the Bachelor of Medicine (MBBS) or Bachelor of Dentistry (BDent).
There has also been some confusion over the conversion of the different marking schemes between British, U.S., and Australian systems for the purpose of assessment for entry to graduate programmes. The Australian grades are divided into four categories: High Distinction, Distinction, Credit, and Pass (though many institutions have idiosyncratic grading systems). Assessment and evaluation based on the Australian system is not equivalent to British or U.S. schemes because of the "low-marking" scheme used by Australian universities. For example, a British student who achieves 70+ will receive an A grade, whereas an Australian student with 70+ will receive a Distinction which is not the highest grade in the marking scheme.

in Australia higher education

2008-08-19T10:22:00.000-07:00

Generally (grad), the Australian higher education system follows that of its British counterpart. Programmes are divided into coursework-based and research-based degrees, and entrance is decided by merit (entrance to coursework-based programmes is usually not as strict); most universities usually require a "Credit" average (equivalent to the British B-) as entry to their taught programmes in a field related to their previous undergraduate. On average, however, a strong "Credit" or "Distinction" average is the norm for accepted students.
Ph.D. entrance requirements in the higher ranked schools typically require a student to have a master's degree by research, or a master's with a significant research component. Those who hold a first-class four-year honours degree may be considered, but are usually first admitted as probationary Ph.D.-students during the first year, then transfer to permanent candidacy contingent upon successful progress. The minimum duration of a Ph.D. programme is two years, but completing within this timespan is unusual, with Ph.D.s usually taking an average of three to four years to be completed.

Most of the confusion with Australian postgraduate programmes occurs with the research-based programmes. Research degrees generally require candidates to have a minimum of a second-class four-year honours undergraduate degree to be considered for admission. There has been some debate over the acceptance of a three-year honours degree (as in the case of graduates from British universities) as equivalent entry requirement to graduate research programmes (M.Phil., Ph.D.) in Australian universities, even though British graduates hold equivalent honours classification (upper-second and above).

graduate school

2008-08-19T10:14:00.000-07:00

A graduate school or ("grad school") is a school that awards advanced degrees, such as doctoral degrees with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree. Many universities award graduate degrees; a graduate school is not necessarily a separate institution. Original research experience is often a significant component of graduate studies, including the writing and defense of a thesis or dissertation. The term "graduate school" is primarily North American. It also does not usually refer to medical school (students are called "medical students"), and only occasionally refers to law school or business school.
Those attending graduate schools are called graduate students, or in British English postgraduate students, or, colloquially, postgrads. Degrees awarded by graduate schools include, master's degrees, doctoral degrees, and other postgraduate qualifications such as graduate certificates and professional degrees.
Although graduate school programs are distinct experiences from undergraduate degree programs, graduate instruction (in Australia, the United States, and other countries) is often offered by some of the same senior academic staff and departments that teach undergraduate courses. Unlike in undergraduate programs, however, it is rare for graduate students to take coursework outside their specific field of study at graduate/Graduate Entry level. At the Ph.D. level, though, it is quite common to take courses from a wider range of study, for which some fixed portion of coursework, sometimes known as a residency, is typically required to be taken from outside the department and college of the degree-seeking candidate, to broaden the research abilities of the student. Some institutions designate separate graduate versus undergraduate staff and denote other divisions (often called School of X, e.g., diplomacy)

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2008-05-30T15:09:00.000-07:00

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Netherlands

2008-05-30T15:05:00.000-07:00

Netherlands (Dutch) is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba in the Caribbean. The Netherlands is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy, located in Western Europe. It is bordered by the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east.
The Netherlands is often called Holland. This is formally incorrect as North and South Holland in the western Netherlands are only two of the country's twelve provinces. As a matter of fact, many Dutch people colloquially use Holland as a synecdoche, being well aware of the widespread use of this name. For more on this and other naming issues see terminology of the Netherlands.
The Netherlands has a prosperous and open economy in which the government has reduced its role since the 1980s. Industrial activity is predominantly in food-processing, chemicals , petroleum refining (for example Royal Dutch Shell), and electrical machinery . In the north of the Netherlands, near Slochteren, one of the largest natural gas fields in the world is situated.

Holland

2008-05-30T15:01:00.000-07:00

Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of North Holland and South Holland.
Holland is situated in the west of the Netherlands. A maritime water-oriented region, Holland lies on the North Sea at the mouths of the Rhine and the Meuse (Maas). It has numerous rivers and lakes and an extensive inland canal and waterway system. To the south is Zealand. The region is bordered on the east by the IJsselmeer and four different provinces of the Netherlands. Holland is protected from the sea by a long line of coastal dunes. Most of the land area behind the dunes consists of polder landscape lying well below sea level. At present the lowest point in Holland is a polder near Rotterdam, which is about seven meters below sea level. Continuous drainage is necessary to keep Holland from flooding. In earlier centuries windmills were used for this task. The landscape was (and in places still is) dotted with windmills, which have become a symbol of Holland.

Switzerland

2008-05-30T14:54:00.000-07:00

Switzerland is a landlocked country in Western Europe, and Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states. These states are called cantons. Berne is the seat of the federation and de facto capital, Switzerland while the country's economic centres are its two global cities, Geneva and especially Zurich. Switzerland is one of the richest countries in the world.
Switzerland is bordered by Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. Switzerland is multilingual and has four national languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Switzerland has a long history of neutrality, it has not been at war since 1815 , and hosts many international organizations, including the Red Cross, the World Trade Organization and one of the U.N.'s two European offices.
Switzerland has a stable modern mixed market economy, with a nominal per capita GDP that is higher than those of the larger western European economies, the United States, and Japan ranking 6th behind Luxembourg, Norway, Qatar, Iceland and Ireland. If adjusted for purchasing power parity it ranks 15th. The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report currently ranks Switzerland's economy as the second most competitive in the world. For much of the 20th century, Switzerland was the wealthiest country in Europe by a considerable margin.

Hungary

2008-05-30T14:42:00.000-07:00

Hungary is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Hungary : Budapest Capital and largest city. The official language is Hungarian (also known as Magyar), which forms part of the Finno-Ugric family. It is one of the four official languages of the European Union that is not of Indo-European origin.
Hungary was one of the 15 most popular tourist destinations in the world in the past decade, with a capital regarded as one of the most beautiful in the world. Despite its relatively small size, the country is home to numerous World Heritage Sites, UNESCO Biosphere reserves, the second largest thermal lake in the world (Lake Hévíz), the largest lake in Central Europe (Lake Balaton), and the largest natural grassland in Europe (Hortobágy).
Hungary continues to demonstrate economic growth as one of the newest member countries of the European Union. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Hungary gets nearly one third of all foreign direct investment flowing into Central Europe, with cumulative foreign direct investment totalling more than US$23 billion since 1989. It enjoys strong trade, fiscal, monetary, investment, business, and labor freedoms. The top income tax rate is fairly high, but corporate taxes are low. Inflation is low, it was on the rise in the past few years, but it is now starting to regulate.

Spain

2008-05-30T14:33:00.000-07:00

Spain (Spanish/ España) is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Spanish mainland is bordered to the south and east almost entirely by the Mediterranean Sea (except for a tiny land boundary with Gibraltar); to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal. Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Spain is the second largest country in Western Europe (behind France) and with an average altitude of 650 m, the second highest country in Europe (behind Switzerland).
Spain is a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy and has been a member of the European Union. It is a developed country with the eighth largest economy in the world and fifth largest in the EU, based on nominal GDP.

Ireland

2008-05-30T14:30:00.001-07:00

Ireland (Irish) is the third largest island in Europe, Ireland lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets and the capital Dublin. To the east of Ireland, separated by the Irish Sea, is the island of Great Britain. Politically, the state Ireland (described as the Republic of Ireland in cases of ambiguity) covers five-sixths of the island, with Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, covering the remainder in the north-east.
The island of Ireland has two distinct jurisdictions:
- Ireland (description is the Republic of Ireland), a sovereign state, covers five-sixths of the island. Its capital is Dublin.
- Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, covers the remaining sixth. Its capital is Belfast.

Italy

2008-05-30T14:18:00.000-07:00

Italy is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern Alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within the Italian Peninsula, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland.
Italy has been the home of many European cultures, such as the Etruscans and the Romans, and later was the birthplace of the movement of the Renaissance, that began in Tuscany and spread all over Europe. Italy's capital Rome has been for centuries the center of Western civilization, and is the seat of the Catholic Church.
Italy is a democratic republic and a developed country with the 20th highest GDP per capita, the 8th-highest Quality-of-life index,and the 20th-highest Human Development Index rating in the world.
Italy Economy: According to GDP calculations, Italy was ranked as the seventh largest economy in the world in 2006, behind the United States, Japan, Germany, China, UK, and France, and the fourth largest in Europe. According to the OECD, in 2004 Italy was the world's sixth-largest exporter of manufactured goods. This capitalistic economy remains divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less developed agricultural south.
According to World Bank data, Italy has high levels of freedom to invest, do business, and trade. On the other hand, Italy has inefficient bureaucracy, relatively low property rights and high levels of corruption (compared to other European countries), heavy taxes, and heavy public consumption at around half of GDP.

Norway

2008-05-30T14:13:00.000-07:00

Norway (Norwegian) is a country and constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe that occupies the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered by Sweden, Finland, and Russia, while United Kingdom lies to its west across the North Sea. The Norway country's extensive coastline along the North Atlantic Ocean is home to its famous fjords.
Norway (Kingdom of Norway) also includes the Arctic island territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen. Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard is based upon the Svalbard Treaty, but that treaty does not apply to Jan Mayen. Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean and Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land in Antarctica are external dependencies, but those three entities do not form part of the kingdom.
The Norway was ranked highest of all countries in human development from 2001 to 2006, and came second in 2007 (to fellow Nordic country Iceland).It also rated the most peaceful country in the world in a 2007 survey by Global Peace Index.
Norwegians enjoy the second highest GDP per-capita (after Luxembourg) and third highest GDP (PPP) per-capita in the world, and has maintained first place in the world in the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) for six consecutive years (2001-2006). However, in 2007 Iceland very narrowly beat Norway as the #1 place according to the Human Development Index.

Sweden

2008-05-30T14:05:00.000-07:00

Sweden is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by the Oresund Bridge. It has been a member of the European Union. Sweden capital city is Stockholm.
Sweden is the third largest country by area in Western Europe and fifth in all of Europe.
The inhabitants of Sweden enjoy a high standard of living, and the country is generally perceived as modern and liberal, with an organisational and corporate culture that is non-hierarchical and collectivist compared to its Anglo-Saxon counterparts. Nature conservation, environmental protection and energy efficiency are generally prioritized in policy making and embraced by the general public in Sweden.
Situated in Northern Europe, Sweden lies west of the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Bothnia, providing a long coastline, and forms the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. To the west is the Scandinavian mountain chain (Skanderna), a range that separates Sweden from Norway.
Sweden is surrounded by Norway (west), Finland (northeast), the Skagerrak, Kattegat and Öresund straits (southwest) and the Baltic Sea (east). It has maritime borders with Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, and it is also linked to Denmark (southwest) by the Öresund Bridge.

Denmark

2008-05-30T13:53:00.000-07:00

Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe and Copenhagen is Capital and largest city . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries. The mainland is bordered to the south by Germany; Denmark is southwest of Sweden and south of Norway. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea.Denmark is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. Denmark has a state-level government and local governments in 98 municipalities.

The Surveys ranked Denmark as "the happiest place in the world," based on standards of health, welfare, and education ( in 2006 and 2007). The national capital and the largest city, Copenhagen, was ranked the third most liveable city in the world by Monocle magazine in 2007.

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2008-05-19T12:16:00.000-07:00

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